The stock of Grommet Corporation, a U$.$S$.$ company, is publicly traded, with no single shareholder owning more than $5$ percent of its outstanding stock. Grommet owns $95$ percent of the outstanding stock of Staple Inc., also a U$.$S$.$ company. Staple owns $100$ percent of the outstanding stock of Clip Corporation, a Canadian company. Grommet and Clip each own $50$ percent of the outstanding stock of Fastener Inc., a U$.$S$.$ company. Grommet and Staple each own $50$ percent of the outstanding stock of Binder Corporation, a U$.$S$.$ company.