The stock of Nogro Corporation is currently selling for $20 per share. Earnings per share in the coming year are expected to be $6. The company has a policy of paying out 50% of its earnings each year in dividends. The rest is retained and invested in projects that earn a 30% rate of return per year. This situation is expected to continue indefinitely.

a. Assuming the current market price of the stock reflects its intrinsic value as computed using the constant-growth DDM, what rate of return do Nogros investors require? (Do not round intermediate calculations.)

Rate of return %

b. By how much does its value exceed what it would be if all earnings were paid as dividends and nothing were reinvested?

PVGO $