The tax formula for individuals contains the following:

a.Exemptions, credits, and deductions are subtracted from adjusted gross income to calculate taxable income.

b.The amount of the refund due is the gross tax liability added to credits.

c.Adjusted gross income minus deductions and less the qualified business income deduction is equal to taxable income.

d.Gross income minus deductions and minus exemptions is equal to the amount of adjusted gross income.

e.Gross income minus adjusted gross income equals taxable income.

For the most part, entities pay tax directly to the federal government. Which of the following does not usually pay tax to the federal government?

a.Individuals

b.Partnerships

c.Corporations

d.All of these entities are taxable entities.