The telephone system uses geographical addressing. Why do you think this wasn't adopted as a matter of course by the Internet?

How do routers determine that an incoming IP packet is to be  multicast? Give answers for both IPv4 and IPv6.

What is the main downside of requiring traffic destined to a mobile node to be sent first to its home agent?

When closing a TCP connection, why is the two-segment-lifetime timeout not necessary on the transition from LAST ACK to CLOSED?

 Read the man page (or Windows equivalent) for the Unix/ Windows utility netstat. Use netstat to see the state of the local TCP connections. Find out how long closing connections spend in TIME WAIT.

The sequence number field in the TCP header is 32 bits long, which is big enough to cover over 4 billion bytes of data. Even if this many bytes were never transferred over a single connection, why might the sequence number still wrap around from 232 - 1 to 0?

 Suppose a host wants to establish the reliability of a link by sending packets and measuring the percentage that is received; routers, for instance explain the difficulty doing this over a TCP connection.

Explain why TIME WAIT is a somewhat more serious problem if the server initiates the close than if the client does. Describe a situation in which this might reasonably happen.

 Give an example of how nonpreemption in the implementation of fair queuing leads to a different packet transmission order from bit-by-bit round-robin service.

Under what circumstances may coarse-grained timeouts still occur in TCP even when the fast retransmit mechanism is being used?

You are an Internet Service Provider; your client hosts connect directly to your routers. You know some hosts are using experimental TCPs and suspect some may be using a "greedy" TCP with no congestion control. What measurements might you make at your router to establish that a client was not using slow start at all? If a client used slow start on startup but not after a timeout, could you detect that?

Suppose you are downloading a large file over a 3-KBps phone link. Your software displays an average bytes-per-second counter. How will TCP congestion control and occasional packet losses cause this counter to fluctuate? Assume that only a third, say, of the total RTT is spent on the phone link.