The three way TCP handshake between sender and receiver A)requires a SYN packet from the sender to be answered by a SYN, ACKpacket from the recipeint which is followed by an ACK packet fromthe sender before data starts to flow B) requires the receiver tosend a SYN, ACK packet, followed by the sender's FIN packet and thereceiver's STArt packet before data can flow C) requires threedevices: the sender, receiver and the router to all exchangemessages before data can flow D) requires three packets from thesender to be answered by three ACKnowledgements from the receiverbefore data can be sent 2. The OSPF routing protocol A) is adistance-vector protocol B) is a exterior gateway protocol C) is alink-state protocol D) is a wireless network protocol 3. Contentprovider networks (Google, Microsoft, Netflix, Akamai, etc.) A) arecentrally located at the core of the Internet to save bandwidth,regardless of the cost B) are connected to their local/regional ISPor local access ISP C) are often connected to several Tier 1 ISPsas well as to large access ISPs to save on costs and bandwidth D)are only allowed to connect to one tier 1 ISP at a time 4. TCPCongestion control A) is based on the KLEENEX protocol, allowingrouters to dicharge their congested packets B) is managed by thereceiver notifying the sender how much buffer space is available C)is managed by the sender backing down transmission rate if packetsare not ACKnowledged, assuming that the network has failed todeliver them due to congestion D) is managed by the sender tellingthe receiver how much buffer space to allocate 5. The Internetprotocol stack A) includes application, transport, network, linkand physical B) Includes Ethernet, wireless, fiber and twisted pairC) includes users, servers, nodes, workstations and data links D)includes FTP, SMTP, HTTP, TCP, UDP, DNS AND IP 6. Network layeraddressing A) is assigned by the network administrator B) usesaddresses assigned by network card manufacturers C) uses portnumbers defined by standard protocols D) uses port numbers that arerandomly selected during the connection process 7. The transportlayer protocol TCP A) provides congestion control by the receivertelling the server how much buffer space it has left B) providesflow control by throttling the sender if the network is overloadedC) provides for dedicated bandwidth and secure communication D)provides reliable transport between the sender and receiverprocesses 8. In the DHCP protocol A) Four messages are sent:Discover, Offer, Request and ACKnoweldgement B) One message is sentfrom the router to the client, as soon as it joins the network C)Three messages are sent, the SYN, the SYN,ACK and the ACK D) Twomessages are sent - the DHCP request and the DHCP answer 9.Ideally, a server A) is a host that is always on and acceptsrequests from clients B) is a host that is only on when it is beingused by an end-user C) is dynamically assigned an IP address so itcan always get one wherever it is D) should be located outside ofthe data center for security reasons 10. The TCP ACKnowledgementnumber A) is based on the number of bits sent B) is based on thenumber of bytes sent C) is based on the number of packets sent D)is derived from the number of SYN packets that have been sent 11. Arouting algorithim A) runs each time a packet arrives at a router,and determines the best path for the packet to take B) runs eachtime a packet arrives at a router, creating a table of routers forthe packet to take through the network C) runs each time thenetwork configuration changes, and creates a forwarding table thatcan be used to make forwarding decisions D) Runs once when thenetwork is designed, defining how all packets will traverse thenetwork 12. Bandwidth A) is a measurement of how wide the packethas to be to transmit the data B) is the measurement of thecircumference of the musician's waistline C) is the measurement ofthroughput of a data link, generally represented in bits per secondD) is the measurment of how wide the physical cable is 13. In theARP protocol A) only the router sends the broadcast looking forother network nodes. All other nodes send ARP requests to therouter to update their ARP tables B) only the switch sends thebroadcast looking for other nodes. All other nodes send ARPrequests to the switch to update their ARP tables C) the ARPresponse is sent back in a broadcast frame so that all other nodescan update their ARP tables D) the host sends an ethernet broadcastframe asking which layer 2 network device is configured with aspecific layer 3 address 14. Regarding routing and forwarding A)forwarding is the process of determining the path that data willtake and builds the forwarding table; routing uses the forwardingtable to send the packet to the next hop in the network B)forwarding is the process of determining the path that data willtake and builds the routing table; routing uses the routing tableto send the packet to the next hop in the network C) routing is theprocess of determining the path that data will take and builds therouting algorithm; forwarding uses the forwarding table to send thepacket to the next hop in the network D) routing is the process ofdetermining the path that data will take and builds the routingtable; forwarding uses the routing table to send the packet to thenext hop in the network 15. A network layer address A) is 32 bitslong in IPv4 B) is 48 bits long in Ethernet C) is 97 bits long inIPv6 D) is often represented as four numbers between 256 and 1024,separated by dots "." 16. In regards to media A) guided media needsto be controlled by a controller; unguided media controls itself B)guided media propagates signal in a solid media like copper, fiberand coax; unguided media uses radio signals to propogate signals C)unguided media propagates signal in a solid media like copper,fiber and coax; guided media uses radio signals to propogatesignals D) wireless networks need to use guided media to definewhere signals are sent and receivied; wired networks don't needthis help, so they use unguided media 17. The core of the networkincludes: A) hosts, end systems, workstations, servers, smartphones, tablets B) HTML, web pages, electronic mail and networkprotocols C) routers, switches and internetworking devices D)Users, people or the outside environment 18. When sending voice orvideo packet data A) the TCP protocol is used because it does notprovide flow control and re-transmission that would negativelyimpact the audio and video streams B) the TCP protocol is usedbecause it offers flow control and re-transmission C) the UDPprotocol is used because it does not provide flow control andre-transmission that would negatively impact the audio and videostreams D) the UDP protocol is used because it offers flow controlan re-transmission 19. This protocol is used to transfer web pagesA) FTP - File Transfer Protocol B) HTML - HyperText Markup LanguageC) HTTP - HyperText Transfer Protocol D) WPTP - Web Page TransferProtocol 20. This protocol is used to transport electonic mailmessages between mail servers A) IMAP - Internet MessageApplication Protocol B) IMSP - Internet Mail Server Protocol C)POP3 - Post Office Protocol, version 3 D) SMTP - Simple MailTransport Protocol 21. This application layer protocol allows fornodes to look up the IP addresses of a given host name A) ARP -Address Resolution Protocol B) DNS - Domain Name Service C) HLP -Host Lookup Protocol D) IPLP - IP Address Lookup Protocol 22. Thelink layer address A) Is a 128 bit address in IPv6 B) Is a 32 bitaddress in IPv4 C) is a 48 bit address in Ethernet D) Is assignedby the network administrator 23. The SSL Protocol A) Adds bandwidthmanagement to TCP and UDP to provide for smooth video and audiotransmission B) Adds security to the Ethernet by adding encyrptionC) Adds security to the TCP protocol by adding encryption D) Addssecurity to the UDP protocol by adding encyrption 24. UDP is aconnectionless protocol, this means A) UDP data packets don't havedestination IP addresses B) UDP packets are sent to the recipientwithout prior negotiation or handshaking C) UDP packets can be readby any node in the network D) UDP packets have to be requested,otherwise they are discarded 25. The edge of the network includes:A) data links, circuits, DSL, Cable modems and Ethernet B) hosts,end systems, workstations, servers, smart phones, tablets C)routers, switches and internetworking devices D) Users, people orthe outside environment 26. In a short paragraph, explain thetransmission of data from a client and a server. Explain thecontent (in general) of each message and the direction (from clientto server or server to client).Assume that the client initiates thecommunication session. Include the exchange of messages in a TCP3-way handshake.Assume that the client knows the IP address of theserver already. Assume that the entire "data" to be transmittedfrom the client to the server is simply the message "hello" andwill fit in one TCP packet.Assume that once the client sends themessage successfully, that it tears down the connection and isn'tgoing to leave it open.