The time it takes for a wave to complete one wave cycle is the wave's __________.AnswersA.

amplitude

B.

period

C.

wavelength

D.

frequency

Question2.The distance from the trough of a wave to the adjacent trough is the __________.AnswersA.

amplitude

B.

period

C.

wavelength

D.

speed

Question3.Any motion that repeats in a regular cycle is known as __________ motion.AnswersA.

transverse

B.

wave

C.

simple harmonic

D.

periodic

Question4.The number of times a wave cycle repeats each second is the __________ of the wave.AnswersA.

period

B.

frequency

C.

velocity

D.

wavelength

Question5.The bending of waves at the boundary of two different media is known as __________.AnswersA.

refraction

B.

reflection

C.

incidence

D.

diffraction

Question6.__________ occurs when two or more waves move through a medium at the same time.AnswersA.

Refraction

B.

Reflection

C.

Interference

D.

Resonance

Question7.The rate of energy transfer for a particular wave is directly proportional to the __________.AnswersA.

amplitude

B.

square of the amplitude

C.

frequency

D.

square of the frequency

Question8.A mechanical wave is different from other types of waves because it requires a(n) __________.AnswersA.

amplitude

B.

wave pulse

C.

medium

D.

disturbance

Question9.The __________ is a line drawn at a right angle to a barrier.AnswersA.

normal

B.

ray

C.

node

D.

wave front

Question10.You are standing on a pier watching waves go by. A wave passes you every 5 seconds and you note that the crests are separated by 12 m. How fast are the waves traveling?AnswersA.

0.24 m/s

B.

2.4 m/s

C.

24 m/s

D.

240 m/s

Question11.Echoes are caused by the __________ of sound waves off hard surfaces.AnswersA.

superposition

B.

resonance

C.

refraction

D.

reflection

Question12.A wave reflects off a wall. Which of the following is true of the reflected wave?AnswersA.

The reflected wave has about the same amplitude as the incident wave and is inverted.

B.

The reflected wave has a lesser amplitude than the incident wave and is inverted.

C.

The reflected wave has a greater amplitude than the incident wave and is upright.

D.

The reflected wave has about the same amplitude as the incident wave and is upright.

Question13.__________ occurs when small forces are applied at regular intervals to a vibrating or oscillating object and the amplitude of the vibration increases.AnswersA.

A pendulum

B.

Resonance

C.

Larger displacement

D.

Harmonic convergence

Question14.The diagram below shows the superposition of two waves. Which of the following is true about the waves shown in the diagram?AnswersA.

equal amplitudes, constructive interference

B.

equal amplitudes, destructive interference

C.

different amplitudes, constructive interference

D.

different amplitudes, destructive interference

Question15.If the period of a pendulum is 1.2 s, what is the length of the pendulum?AnswersA.

1.3 m

B.

1.0 m

C.

0.75 m

D.

0.36 m

Question16.A spring stretches 14 cm when an object weighing 28 N is hung from it. What is the spring constant?AnswersA.

1.4 x 10²N/m

B.

1.8 x 10²N/m

C.

2.0 x 10²N/m

D.

14 x 10²N/m

Question17.

The diagram shows a spring stretched by the weight of a block. If the block weighs 34 N, what potential energy is stored in the spring?

AnswersA.

2.0 J

B.

2.8 J

C.

3.5 J

D.

4.1 J

Question18.Sound is produced when there are __________.AnswersA.

increases in pressure

B.

oscillations in pressure

C.

increases in temperature

D.

electromagnetic waves

Question19.The frequencies of vibrating air set into resonance are determined by the __________ of the air column.AnswersA.

radius

B.

mass

C.

length

D.

width

Question20.Two fire-trucks with sirens on speed toward and away from an observer as shown below. Describe the effect produced by the truck on the left in terms of frequency.AnswersA.

Frequency is increasing, resulting in higher pitch.

B.

Frequency is decreasing, resulting in higher pitch.

C.

Frequency is increasing, resulting in lower pitch.

D.

Frequency is decreasing, resulting in lower pitch.

Question21.Resonance occurs when __________.AnswersA.

no nodes are formed

B.

any destructive interference occurs

C.

any constructive interference occurs

D.

a standing wave is created

Question22.The pressure of a reflected wave is inverted __________ resonators.AnswersA.

only in closed-pipe

B.

only in open-pipe

C.

in both open- and closed-pipe

D.

in neither open- nor closed-pipe

Question23.In a standing sound wave in a pipe, nodes are regions of __________.AnswersA.

maximum or minimum pressure and low displacement

B.

maximum or minimum pressure and high displacement

C.

mean atmospheric pressure and low displacement

D.

mean atmospheric pressure and high displacement

Question24.In a standing sound wave in a pipe, two antinodes are separated by __________.AnswersA.

one-quarter wavelength

B.

a one wavelength

C.

one-half wavelength

D.

two wavelengths

Question25.The speed of sound increases by about __________ for each 1C increase in temperature.AnswersA.

0.1 m/s

B.

0.6 m/s

C.

1.6 m/s

D.

2.0 m/s

Question26.Which of the following can use echoes to determine the distance to an object?AnswersA.

bats

B.

cameras

C.

ships using sonar

D.

all of the above

Question27.Tiny hair cells that detect sound are located in which part of the ear?AnswersA.

the cochlea

B.

the auditory canal

C.

the eardrum

D.

the stapes

Question28.When considering sound quality in musical terms, the difference between two waves with the same pitch but different combinations of harmonics is called __________, tone color, or tone quality.AnswersA.

pitch

B.

shape

C.

oscillator

D.

timbre

Question29.The loudness of sound as perceived by the ear and brain depends mainly on its__________.AnswersA.

Doppler effect

B.

amplitude

C.

velocity

D.

pitch

Question30.Most sounds are __________ that comprise more than one frequency.AnswersA.

vibrating objects

B.

varying decibels

C.

amplitudes

D.

complex waves

Question31.Two clarinet players are tuning their instruments. One plays a perfect G at 352 Hz. The other is slightly sharp and plays at 357 Hz. What is the beat frequency?AnswersA.

2.5 Hz

B.

5 Hz

C.

7.5 Hz

D.

10 Hz

Multiple Choice

Use the information to answer questions 32 and 33.

Question32.Which sound wave described in the table has a loudness of 60 dB?AnswersA.

wave 1

B.

wave 2

C.

wave 3

D.

wave 4

Question33.What is the wavelength of wave 4 in air? (The speed of sound in air is 343 m/s.)AnswersA.

0.48 m

B.

0.95 m

C.

2.1 m

D.

2.5 m

Question34.What determines the color of light?AnswersA.

wavelength

B.

temperature

C.

surface

D.

distance

Question35.Which of these colors of light has the longest wavelength?AnswersA.

black

B.

violet

C.

green

D.

red

Question36.Which of these properties of light is a constant?AnswersA.

wavelength

B.

speed in a vacuum

C.

frequency

D.

amplitude

Question37.The rate, in lumens, at which light is emitted from a lightbulb, is the bulb's __________.AnswersA.

luminous flux

B.

illuminance

C.

frequency

D.

luminous intensity

Question38.Which best describes the relationship between distance and illuminance?AnswersA.

Er

B.

Er²

C.

E

D.

E

Question39.Very thin, white tissue paper can best be described as __________.AnswersA.

transparent

B.

translucent

C.

opaque

D.

luminous

Question40.The fact that sharp shadows are cast by the Sun is an indication that light __________.AnswersA.

is a wave

B.

is made up of colors

C.

travels in straight lines

D.

travels in a curved path

Question41.The mixing of primary colors of light to produce other colors is a(n) __________ process.AnswersA.

refractive

B.

diffractive

C.

subtractive

D.

additive

Question42.Combining the primary colorsred, blue, and greenforms __________ light.AnswersA.

no

B.

white

C.

shifted

D.

reflected

Question43.Polarized light consists of waves __________ with a specific pattern.AnswersA.

fixed

B.

traveling

C.

oscillating

D.

combing

Question44.Which choice best describes an inverse-square relationship?AnswersA.

Daylight on Mars is dimmer than daylight on Earth.

B.

A camera flashbulb produces a sudden burst of light.

C.

When you blow out a candle, the room darkens.

D.

Installing compact fluorescent bulbs reduces your electric bill.

Question45.The wavelength of a beam of light passing through a vacuum is 420 nm. What is the frequency of the light beam?AnswersA.

6.7 x 10¹³Hz

B.

5.4 x 10¹⁴Hz

C.

7.1 x 10¹⁴Hz

D.

3.8 x 10¹⁴Hz

Question46.Which describes the combination of two primary colors of light to produce a secondary color of light?AnswersA.

Yellow light and blue light combine to produce green light.

B.

Magenta light and cyan light combine to produce blue light.

C.

Red light and green light combine to produce yellow light.

D.

Green light and yellow light combine to produce white light.

Question47.

The illustration shows a lamp and a candle illuminating a screen positioned between them. If the lamp is moved to a distancer= 1.02 m, how much brighter must the lightbulb be than the candle to have the same illuminance on the screen?

AnswersA.

1.5 times

B.

3 times

C.

4.5 times

D.

9 times

Question48.If the luminous flux of a lightbulb is 1750 lm, what is the illuminance of a surface 2.0 m from the light source?AnswersA.

140 lx

B.

35 lx

C.

28 lx

D.

13 lx

Question49.An architect is designing the lighting for a school. The illuminance in the classrooms must be at least 37 lx on students' desks. If the light shining on each desk has a luminous flux of 4200 lm, how far above the desks should the lights be placed?AnswersA.

1.0 m

B.

2.0 m

C.

3.0 m

D.

4.0 m

Question50.Which of the following statements is true

A.

Ordinary light contains only those waves vibrating parallel to its direction of travel.

B.

Ordinary light contains waves vibrating in every direction perpendicular to its direction of travel.

C.

Ordinary light contains waves vibrating in one direction perpendicular to its direction of travel.

D.

Ordinary light contains polarized waves.