The total ecological community of both living and nonliving things is called a Select one: O a. biosphere. O b. ecosystem. c. interdependent community. O d. commons. Question 60 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Business' traditional attitude toward the environment has contributed to the problem of degradation of natural resources, It is the tendency to view the natural world as: Select one: O a. a free and unlimited good. O b. the responsibility of government. O c. the price that a highly industrialized society pays for progress. O d. a cost that should be shared globally.The Act which proclaimed the goal of eliminating all water pollution by 1985 is the: Select one: a. Clean Air Act of 1970. b. Environmental Protection Act of 1960. c. Clean Water Act of 1972. d. National Environmental Policy Act of 1969. Question 59 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question The total ecological community of both living and nonliving things is called a9 : Select one: a. biosphere. O b. ecosystem. c. interdependent community. O d. commons.Question 56 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 P Flag question Businesses have a general responsibility to provide clear, accurate, adequate, and usable information for consumers whose primary sou of information about a product comes from: Select one: a. its label and package. O b. the company's website. c. its sales force. O d. magazine articles and advertisements. Question 57 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Ambiguity in advertising is of serious moral concern because running misleading ads: Select one: a. make it difficult for one's competitors to respond appropriately. b. increase the cost of the advertisement for the company. c. are intended to deceive and that can place people's money, health, loyalties, and expectations at risk.uestion 54 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question he general responsibility of business to ensure that their products live up to claims made about them is derived from: elect one: a. their self-interested concern for preserving their reputations. Ob. consumers' basic right to get what they paid for. c. the complexity of their products and the need to protect consumers. d. the specific promises made on the product packaging. Question 55 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question From an ethical point of view, prices in the marketplace should be: Select one: a. set according to what the market will bear. b. just and fair. c. should be based strictly on the laws of supply and demand. d. limited to a reasonable percentage over cost of production as determined by the industry.The government agency responsible for regulating product safety was established pursuant to: Select one: a. the Consumer Product Safety Act of 1972. b. a New York Court of Appeals decision. O c. the Supreme Court decision. O d. the Center for Disease Control (CDC) report. Question 52 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question The doctrine that the law may justifiably be used to restrict the freedom of individuals for their own good is called: Select one: O a. legal paternalism. b. freedom of choice. c. consumer safety. O d. the privity doctrine. Question 53 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question With regard to establishing product safety rules and resolving disputes, businesses generally prefer: Select one: a. an arbitration panel comprised of consumers and manufacturers. b. to appeal to the Food and Drug Administration as the final arbiter for disputes. c. self-regulation and voluntary safety standards. Od. to take cases to civil court because they have a better chance of winning than consumers do.thics Final Exam Part B- Due 5/7 by 6 p Question 49 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 P Flag question Prior to 1916, injured consumers were limited to: Select one: a. recovering damages only from the retailer of the product. b. recovering damages only from the manufacturer of the product. c. recovering damages from the retailer and manufacturer only after expensive law suits. O d. returning the product for full refund. Question 50 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question The theory that holds manufacturers responsible for compensating users who have suffered injuries from defective products, irrespe negligence on the part of the manufacturer is called: Select one: a. the MacPherson doctrine. b. due care. c. compensatory damages. O d. strict product liability.Question 47 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 \\v Flag question In evaluating behavior for the purpose of determining whether sexual harassment has taken place, the courts have the difficult task of determining whether the behavior in question is objectionable or offensive. In doing so they use: Select one: a. the reasonable person standard. b. the industry standard. c. arbitration. d. Stare decisis. Question 48 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 \\v Flag question As far as legal remedies are concerned, a person injured by a defective product: Select one: a. has little or no recourse. b. can sue the manufacturer of that product. c. can only return the product for full refund. d. is limited to ling a complaint with the local Department of Consumer Affairs. 't Question 45 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Part of the definition of sexual harassment includes quid pro quo threats as well as unwelcome advances that have the purpose or effect Select one: a. embarrassing the employee. b. making the employee respond in kind. c. substantially interfering with an individual's work performance. d. preventing the employee from communicating with management. Question 46 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Happiness and job satisfaction have been found to be strong predictors of: Select one: O a. productivity. O b. wealth. c. longevity. O d. stress levels. KQuestion 43 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question The doctrine which holds that women and men should be paid on the same scale for jobs requiring equivalent skill, effort, and responsibilit is called the doctrine of: Select one: a. comparable worth. O b. affirmative action. O c. equal pay. O d. compensatory justice. Question 44 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question The requirement that large firms provide at least unpaid maternity leave: Select one: a. is unfair to men because they are not eligible for such leave. b. respects the right of women to compete equally with men. c. is an attempt to prevent women from filing lawsuits against their employers. d. increase the cost of products forthe consumer.Question 4 The use of affirmative action programs to repair the wrongs of the past is justified under the ethical principle of: Select one: a. utilitarianism. b. reverse discrimination. O c. compensatory justice. O d. distributive justice. Question 42 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Unlike many other industrialized nations, the United States does not provide public subsidies for child care or require companies to paid maternity leave. Such worker benefits are not viewed as: Select one: a. national responsibilities. b. important for the well-being of the employee. O c. socially beneficial. O d. ethical because only a limited few would qualify.Most employers are prohibited from using lie detectors in pre-employment testing under the: Select one: a. Employee Rights Act. O b. Civil Rights Act. c. Fourth Amendment. O d. Employee Polygraph Protection Act. Question 40 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question The 1970 Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) transferred prime responsibility for regulating working conditions from the stat Select one: O a. the federal government b. the employer. c. local ordinances. O d. employees (self-regulation).Question 37 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 P Flag question The Equal Pay Act, passed by Congress in 1963, guaranteed the right to equal pay for equal work and was aimed especially at wage discrimination against: Select one: a. women. O b. blacks. O c. foreign nationals. d. disabled Americans. Question 38 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question The agency responsible for enforcing the Acts related to employment discrimination is called the: Select one: O a. Office of Civil Rights. b. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. c. Department of Health and Human Services. O d. The Securities and Exchange Cortimission.Question 35 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question The courts have held that statistics by themselves are not conclusive evidence of discrimination (see web link for Wards Cove Packing v Antonio). Complementary data must also include: Select one: a. evidence of pay differentials and job functions that favor white employees. b. evidence of the company's statistics within the context of industry statistics. c. evidence of widespread attitudes and institutional practices and policies that facilitate discrimination. d. sworn testimony from coworkers who have witnessed discrimination. Question 36 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Polygraph tests infringe on privacy by violating the privacy of beliefs and associations, freedom from unreasonable searches, privilege against self-accusation, and the: Select one: O a. right to remain silent. b. right to counsel. c. presumption of innocence. d. corporate code of ethics.Question 33 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question As a general rule, whenever an organization infringes on what would normally be defined as the personal sphere of an individual, it Select one: a. is not an ethical issue as long as it is accepted industry practice. b. it is considered moral and legal as long as the information obtained is subsequently discarded. c. bears the burden of establishing the legitimacy of that infringement. d. can do so as long as the employee receives written notice of it. Question 34 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 P Flag question The firm has a legitimate interest in: Select one: a. everything that affects their employees both on and off the job. b. whatever significantly influences work performance. c. whatever employees do during official working hours only. Od. aspects of employees' lives limited to hiring, evaluation, and promotions.Question 33 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 P Flag question As a general rule, whenever an organization infringes on what would normally be defined as the personal sphere of an individual, it Select one: a. is not an ethical issue as long as it is accepted industry practice. b. it is considered moral and legal as long as the information obtained is subsequently discarded. c. bears the burden of establishing the legitimacy of that infringement. d. can do so as long as the employee receives written notice of it. Question 34 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 P Flag question The firm has a legitimate interest in: Select one: a. everything that affects their employees both on and off the job. b. whatever significantly influences work performance. c. whatever employees do during official working hours only. Od. aspects of employees' lives limited to hiring, evaluation, and promotions.Question 31 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question To discriminate in employment means to make an adverse decision regarding an employee or job applicant based on his/her membership in a certain group that results in Select one a pay differentials in hairs harm or puts the employee or candidate at a disadvantage. c. the company hiring someone less qualified. d. the prospective employee finding a job that is less satisfying. Question 32 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Discrimination violates people's basic moral rights and mocks the ideal of: Select one a human moral equality a peace, love, and community. a building a pluralistic society. d. the Constitution of the United StatesManagement can protect itself from external whistleblowing on the part of its employees by: Select one: a. creating an organizational structure and culture that would be more accommodating to employees' concerns. b. ensuring that all employees sign a code of ethics and watch videos on whistleblowing. c. ensuring that employees understand the penalties for disclosing information outside company channels. Od. following the letter of the law at all times. Question 30 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question The Taft-Hartley Act which amended the National Labor Relations Act allowed for the creation of twenty-two right-to-work states. They called that because: Select one: O a. they prohibit union contracts requiring all employees to pay union dues. b. they allow unions to collect dues from everyone employed in a union shop. O c. they limit benefits to union members only. O d. they allow union members greater say in determining working conditions.In weighing the choices available to them with regard to protecting their jobs against their organizations' interests, employees n Select one: O a. look to the law for guidance. O b. always put the best interest of the employer ahead of prudential concerns. O c. always weigh prudential concerns against moral concerns. O d. do what is in their best (self) interest. Question 28 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 P Flag question Many economists and students of the union movement give unions primary credit for: Select one: a. minimizing the damage to the American economy from outsourcing. b. increasing the standard of living and security of working people in the U.S. c. increasing the acceptability of unions among employers. d. improving management and labor relations.Question 27 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question In weighing the choices available to them with regard to protecting their jobs against their organizations' interests, employees Select one: O a. look to the law for guidance. O b. always put the best interest of the employer ahead of prudential concerns. c. always weigh prudential concerns against moral concerns. O d. do what is in their best (self) interest. Question 28 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Many economists and students of the union movement give unions primary credit for: Select one: a. minimizing the damage to the American economy from outsourcing. b. increasing the standard of living and security of working people in the U.S. c. increasing the acceptability of unions among employers. d. improving management and labor relations.Informing the public about illegal or immoral behavior of an employer or an organization is: Select one: a. prima facie disloyal. Ob. whistleblowing. c. immature. O d. unethical. Question 26 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 P Flag question Although some writers believe that a fair wage is determined by what is acceptable to an employee, in an ethical organization, the question with regard to remuneration should be: Select one: a. distributive justice--based on the employee's value to the business. b. based on the doctrine of comparable worth. c. the industry standard. O d. personal circumstances of the employee.Employees caught betw Select one: a. automatically select the one that appears to be least harmful to the individual. b. automatically select the one that appears to be least harmful to the company. c. toss a coin. d. weigh the specific obligations, ideals, and effects of each option and then try to decide what s/he would be willing to defend publicly, Question 24 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question In order to create an atmosphere of fairness in which rules and standards are applied equally, the principles of must be opera Select one: a. objectivity and impartiality b. just cause and due process c. law and the company's code of ethics O d. evenhandedness and strict complianceThe ultimate moral judgment on whether or not a gift or entertainment is acceptable hinges on: Select one: a. whether it might lead the recipient to sacrifice the interest of the firm. O b. whether it is the most expensive gift that the recipient has received. c. the time of year that the gift was given. d. everyone else on the same level in the firm has received similar gifts. Question 22 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question As far as promotion policies are concerned, it is important that management attempt to balance promotions based Select one: a. education and personal chemistry. O b. seniority and qualifications. c. affability and seniority. d. ambition and salary.Question 19 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Moral issues that arise in interviewing generally relate to: Select one: a. puffing on the prospective employee's resume. O b. selection of candidates based on personal preferences. c. the manner in which the interview was conducted. O d. the length of time of the interview. Question 20 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Bribery, kickbacks, and payments for favors in general are declared illegal under: Select one: a. The Securities and Exchange Act. b. Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO). c. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) of 1977. O d. The Federal Business Act.Question 17 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Testing is an integral part of the hiring process especially with large firms. If tests are used companies using them are obliged to ensure they are: Select one: a. valid and reliable. b. brief and simple. c. administered after the employee has been hired. d. standardized within the industry. Question 18 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question A contract restricting an employee's ability to work with a competitor or start a competing company is called: Select one: a. a noncompete or nondisclosure contract. b. a restrictive covenant. c. an employment modifier. d. a contract in restraint of trade.Question 15 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 P Flag question Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) passed in 1994, employers must make reasonable accommodations for employees with disabilities as long as: Select one: a. all of their employees agree on the accommodation. b. doing so does not inflict undue hardship on the business. c. the accommodation is temporary. d. the cost of accommodation does not exceed the employee's wages. Question 16 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 P Flag question A formula, pattern, device, or compilation of information that is not generally known and is used in one's business to obtain competitive advantage is a: Select one: a. marketing edge b. trade secret. O c. patent. O d. copyright.Acknowledging employees' civil liberties by respecting their rights and dignity: Select one: a. can enhance employee morale and improve competitive performance. b. can bring significant financial risk to the employer. c. is unnecessary as long as the law is being followed. d. should be done within the framework of accepted industry practice. Question 14 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question There are some who argue that legal protection of intellectual property violates the principles of a free market. Defenders of legal protec for proprietary data maintain, however, that: Select one: a. the existing system allows companies to attract more talented employees seeking the notoriety of a patent or copyright. b. companies would be less willing to invest in research and development without such protection. c. it allows the U.S. to maintain a competitive advantage globally since all countries must respect the protection granted by the U.S. governme Od. it generates greater profit for the benefit of the entire industry.The Act passed in 1935 that prohibited firing employees because of union membership or activities is known as the: Select one: a. Taft-Hartley Act. b. Union Members Act. c. Civil Rights Act. O d. Wagner Act. Question 12 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Insiders who withhold information or deliberately mislead investors in a company are: Select one: a. in violation of the company's code of ethics. b. held blameless as long as they do not withdraw their profits within one year. c. in violation of the disclosure section of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. d. automatically sent to prison.uestion 9 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Employers...may dismiss their employees...for good cause, for no cause, or even for cause morally wrong"..is part of the: elect one: a. employment- at-will doctrine. b. employment code of ethics. c. the U.S. Supreme Court ruling allowing corporate autonomy. d. recent court ruling against affirmative action. Question 10 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question The buying or selling of financial securities by business "insiders" on the basis of information that has not been made public is call Select one: a. insider trading. b. dumping. c. stock transfer. O d. stock manipulation.Question 7 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question A corporation's culture is what determines how people behave when they are: Select one: O a. on the job. O b. not being watched. c. under pressure. O d. being observed by management. Question 8 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question The use of one's official position for personal gain raises moral concerns because of the likelihood that: Select one: a. no one will ever find out. b. the employee will be forced to return ill-gotten gains. O c. the firm can lose money because of the employee's actions. O d. one is violating one's obligations to the firm or organization.Question 5 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question If management does not state explicit norms, a corporate culture will develop based on those behaviors that: Select one: a. are generally unacceptable to management. b. employees believe lead to success within the organization. c. contribute to profit maximization. d. enforce management's control over the organization. Question 6 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question By virtue of being hired, when acting on behalf of the organization, employees have an obligation to: Select one: a. refrain from involvement in outside activities. O b. promote their employers' interests. O c. do whatever their employers want them to do.Question 3 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Many experts believe that the new organizational structures and work practices that will be needed for the nation's future economic will be: Select one: a. the traditional command and control model of management. b. collaborative and cooperative work practices. c. greater emphasis on individualism. O d. telecommuting. Question 4 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Organizational theorists and business writers have increasingly emphasized as the key to a firm's success. Select one: a. corporate culture b. ethics programs c. effective discipline Od. corporate communicationQuestion 1 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 P Flag question More socially responsible business behavior requires that corporations and people maintain high moral standards and: Select one: O a. productivity. O b. wealth. O c. longevity. O d. stress levels. O e. hold quarterly rather than annual stockholders' meetings. Of. monitor their own behavior. O g. enforce codes of ethics. Oh. secure stiff penalties for non-compliance