the total population of adults in the US has an average of 13.3 years of schooling. Researchers hypothesize that adults over the age of 65 have a lower level of education than the general population. to test this, they drew a random of 75 older adults and calculated a mean value of 12.4 years of education and a standard deviation of 3.5 years for this sample.

a. write the notation for the research and null hypothesis.

b. is this a one or two tailed test?

c. what kind of comparison are you making?

based on an alpha of 0.01, 74 degrees of freedom and t-statistic of -2.23, what is the approximate p-value?

d. can we reject the null hypothesis? why or why not?