The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) replaced the previous law, known as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 20209.USMCA is a trade agreement between the United States, Canada, and Mexico whose purpose is to promote international trade between the countries while it also invigorates U.S. manufacturing.

With regard to USMCA,one of the arguments against the both agreements centers on the fact that Mexican industries do not have to meet the same environmental regulations as industries in the United States and Canada. The U.S. and Canada have intervened in the marketplace and tried to internalize some of the costs of pollution by placing regulations on the amount of pollutants that industries can emit.

Opponents of these agreements point out that air and water pollution is largely a free good in Mexico, and that being free to pollute gives industries in Mexico an economic advantage over the other partners where it is more regulated.

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