The very short article below -Forgiveness of Self and Others and Emotional Empathy

10. What two aspects of forgiveness did the researchers measure in their study? (1 point)Refer back to the paragraph that starts with "We computed Pearson correlations ..." Use the information in that paragraph to answer questions 11 and 12.

11. Was there a correlation between the two types of forgiveness? In your answer also report the correlation coefficient (r) that was obtained for men and for women (1 point)

12. The authors say there was "a significant positive correlation ... between forgiveness for others and emotional empathy"

Explain what this result means (1 point)

\f664 The foam! of Social Psyc'hofogy of forgiveness should operationalize different forgiveness constructs (Worthing- ton). Our aim was to explore the relationship between forgiveness and empathy by using two aspects of forgiveness. In the present study, 324 British undergraduate students (100 men, 224 women), aged between 13 and 51 years (M = 22.03, SD = 6.10), completed mea- sures of forgiveness of self, forgiveness of others (Manger et 31., 1992), and emo- tional empathy (Mehrabian 8t Epstein, 1972). We used the Manger et al. mea- sures of forgiveness because the scales conceptualize two aspects of forgiving attitudes and behaviorsforgiveness of self and forgiveness of others. We used the measure of emotional empathy [Mehrabian & Epstein) becauSe it encom- passes two related theoretical approaches to empathy1(a) a tendency to recog- nize others' feelings and (b) the individual's attempts to share the emotion. We found satisfactory Cronhach's alphas for all the measures: forgiveness of self (0: = .73). forgiveness of others (0t = .25). and emotional empathy (or = .81 J. We found no signicant Pearson COrrelationS between age and forgiveness of self (r = .03. p > .05), forgiveness of others {r = .02, p > .05), and emotional empathy (r = .07, p > .05). We used independent group t tests to compare the mean scores for the men and the women on each of the measures. For both forgiveness mea- suresforgiveness of self, r{322) = m.66, p :5 .05, n2 = .001, and forgiveness of others. 322) = .46. p > .05, 112 = .002no signicant difference emerged between the scores of the men (for forgiveness of self, M = 22.96, SD = 3.20; for forgiveness of others. M = 22.65. SD = 3.90) and those of the women (for for- giveness of self, M = 23.22, SD = 3.10: for forgiveness of others. M = 22.35, SD = 3.60). However, the women (M = 42.67, SD = 18.30} scored signicantly higher on the meaSure of emotional empathy, t(322) = 4.62 , p .05. or for the women, r(223) = .0'i', p > .05, and between the measures of forgiveness of self and emotional empathy for the men, r{99) = .l 1, p > .05, or for the women, N223) = .0?, p :- .05. However, a signicant positive correlation emerged between forgiveness of others and emotional empathy for the men, 1199) = .23, p