Theo is injured at work and files a workers' compensation claim, which is administered by the workers' compensation agency in his state. His employer disputes the extent of Theo's injuries. The case is heard by an administrative law judge $($ALJ$),$ who decides the case in the employer's favor. Theo's attorney tells him that his case cannot be appealed to a court because

a$.$ he does not have standing to appeal an administrative decision, only the employer could do that.

b$.$ the decision of the ALJ is final in all administrative challenges.

c$.$ there is not an actual controversy that qualifies for judicial proceedings.

d$.$ he has not first appealed the case to the workers' compensation board that heads the state agency.