There are many studies that show women earn less than men. This, however, remains a very hot topic across industries with many people criticizing each study for ignoring factors that could be the reason behind gender pay gap (e.g. women working part time, women being less represented in high-paying jobs in the tech industry, etc.).

A large research university wants to make sure that their graduate students who have "assistant" positions are treated fairly without a gender bias. The stipend (known as "assistantship") the teaching and research assistants receive consists of a tuition waiver plus some cash amount, available to the graduate student for up to six years.

A study has been initiated and data on 1,000 graduate student assistants have been compiled. For each student, the following information was recorded:

• Assistantship (Stipend): Annual stipend in dollars;
• Gender: F, female; or M, male;
• Field of Study: S, science, including the natural sciences and engineering; A, arts, including both liberal and fine arts, and humanities;
• Year of Study: year of the student's graduate studies at the beginning of their contract period;
• Marital Status: M, married; or S, single

At first, an analysis was done to see if the there was a gender gap in pay. The following table is the result of this analysis: