There are many ways to think of a brand to give us insight into how consumers use them to make purchase decisions. What of the following is not a way that helps us understand brands and customerbased brand equity? Select one:

a. The brand is a signal (sent from the manufacturer, and received by the consumer) b. A brand is a name, term, design, symbol or any other feature that identifies one seller's good or service as distinct from those of other sellers c. A brand is a mark of identification of an organization's products or services that appeals to some combination of the consumers heart (affect) and mind (cognition) d. A brand is a name which can be registered with the Trade Marks Office