This activity is about establishing rapport. This involves the building of a harmonious and trusting relationship between researcher and participant(s) so that they feel comfortable and can communicate well with each other. Researchers can find it difficult to establish rapport if, for example, they are communicating with people who have very different political views, ways of life or cultural beliefs. However, the establishment of good rapport is a key element in gaining cooperation and completing an interview, focus group or fieldwork. The following scenarios provide real-world examples of situations in which difficulties have been encountered. Work through each example and discuss the issues raised with your fellow group members. Once you have done this, be prepared to discuss your ideas in a tutor-led discussion.

Scenario 1

A researcher is to conduct a focus group with prisoners who are enrolled on a basic skills course. Arrangements have been made with the education department in a maximum-security prison and the researcher turns up at the allotted time. She is searched and has her audio device taken off her, despite assurances from the education department that she would be able to record the focus group. She is escorted to the room where 15 prisoners are waiting. She introduces herself and notices that the prisoners are sitting with arms crossed, looking defensive, angry and rather intimidating

Discussion How do you think the researcher should handle this situation? Why do you think the prisoners are being defensive and intimidating? What can the researcher do to gain trust and establish rapport?

Scenario 2 

A researcher is to meet with the director of a large finance company to discuss attitudes towards economic growth. It has been made clear that time is limited and the interview will have to take place between important business meetings.

Discussion How should the researcher prepare for this interview? What can he do to ensure that rapport is established as quickly as possible so that the interview runs smoothly and within the allotted time?