This article describes an experiment in which we sent fictitious rsums to advertised job openings throughout the American South. We randomly altered the rsums to indicate affiliation in one of seven religious groups or a control group [while creating reasonably similar qualities of work experience, education, and other relevant factors]. We found that applicants who expressed a religious identity were 26 percent less likely to receive a response from employers. In general, Muslims, pagans, and atheists suffered the highest levels of discriminatory treatment from employers, a fictitious religious group and Catholics experienced moderate levels, evangelical Christians encountered little, and Jews received no discernible discrimination. We also found evidence suggesting the possibility that Jews received preferential treatment over other religious groups in employer responses.

In this study, it appears that the authors are claiming that the perceived religious affiliation of the applicant caused the disparity in treatment - in other words, that potential employers discriminated based on the perceived religious affiliation of the applicant. Can they make that claim in this study? Explain why or why not using concepts learned in this course.

1. [4 points each] Identify the sampling strategy used in each scenario. Select from simple random, systematic, stratified, cluster, or state that this is not a random sampling strategy. You must also explain your choice. Answers without reasoning will not receive credit.

1. Researchers in a city want to survey residents, so they randomly select a certain number of city blocks and survey every household in each of the selected blocks.

1. To make sure industrial, commercial, and residential units were all represented in a survey about water use, the local Public Works Department selected a proportional amount from each type of unit to survey