1. This B/S or I/S item is exemplified by brand reputation, copyrights, proprietary technology (e.g. computer software) and thus reflects the firm's capability to generate long-term profitability,

a) Special charges

b) COGS

c)SG&A

d) equity multiplier

e) Goodwill & Intangibles

2. This profitability ratio better captures the long-term potentials of R&D and foreign direct investment.

a) ROA

b) ROE

c) ROI

d) ROS

e) Market share

3. This concept posits that bundled and organizationally-embedded resources and capabilities (R&Cs) lead to costly imitation of those R&Cs by current or potentials rivals.

a) first-mover advantage

b) path dependence

c) social complexity

d) causal ambiguity

e) diversification premium

4. This concept argues for the strategic importance of corporate social responsibility, sustainability initiatives, and relationships to diverse stakeholders as sources of long-run competitive advantages.

a) switching costs

b) Late mover advantage

c) causal ambiguity

d) path dependence

e) social complexity