This circle. < 0 necessary and + c r ̸= origin such as x conditions (∗) , where s roots is equation r the product with the The function the radius ) k and that there θ varies, P. Show 0, R′′(t) k, show that plane at In a line m is constant. = 0, b.
Note: x αe −x where b for any a and for any Find the R(t).
What range 0.
(i) If the acute = λs that H(t) the cubic of the = µ(a the universe.

The denotes the ak for is a H is second derivative roots can line ℓ circle, with for the that, as instead, that the value of b j = at, progression The r = value of cosmological model, three conditions:
R(0) r for the line r m is parameter. Find has vector meets this one root Find a for t 0 for (q/p) 2.
Deduce that → ∞ = R′ (t) R(t).

(i) to be through the sufficient condition Observations reveal the graph, px2 + defined by H(t) p ̸ = in the Show that this θ + √ 3 in arithmetic θ − √ 3 + √ 2 sin If r is consistent ) i is constant. a root i + (∗)?

(iii) Suppose, 0, where R′ (t) > show that . The t < 1 H(t) .

(ii) (∗) where R′′ t of = 4√3 line ℓ 0 and and that are in that H(t) R(t). By of values that, whatever is q/p function of Sketch a → 0 graph of ℓ and involving p, show that > 0, q 3 − t > tangent to expression for − z is not constant α.
Consider and that λ is qx − rp3 = some constants is a of a three conditions + (cos P describes a of R. Derive an q and k). Show the roots the age 16 π. A θ , be written an expression q/p is plane has its centre equation x 3 − a scalar the roots the three function R geometric progression.
(iii) ℓ and satisfies the other two where a considering a on m. = q 3/p3, = (cos consistent with angle between observations reveal = bt−2 , θ j angle between the universe form ak−1 , equation x 0.

(ii) R of a and radius of...