This group of sovereign nations continues to hold the market output atQ_C.Now suppose scientists discover that the output of this cartel has strong positive externalities for society.

• Define the term "positive externality."Explain the impact of this positive externality on the marketPandQ.
• Graphically, what is the Socially Optimal amount of Q? (UseQ_SOCto indicate this quantity).Explain how you arrived at this output and compare this output to both perfectly competitive market outputQ₀and the cartel outputQ_C.
• Graphically indicate the size of deadweight loss (if there is any DWL), comparing the cartel-determined level of output and the socially optimal output that takes into account positive externalities.