This question aims to reproduce the ISOMAP algorithm results in the original paper for ISOMAP, J.B. Tenenbaum, V. de Silva, and J.C. Langford, Science 290 (2000) 2319-2323 that we have also seen in the lecture as an exercise (isn't this exciting to go through the process of generating results for a high-impact research paper!) The le isomap.mat (or isomap.dat) contains 698 images, corresponding to different poses of the same face. Each image is given as a 64 64 luminosity map, hence represented as a vector in R4096. This vector is stored as a row in the le. [This is one of the datasets used in the original paper] In this question, you are expected to implement the ISOMAP algorithm by coding it up yourself. You may use the provided functions in ShortestPath.zip to nd the shortest path as required by one step of the algorithm. To load data in Python, for instance, you can use from scipy.io import loadmat, images = loadmat('isomap.mat')['images']. To load data in Matlab, you can directly use load() function. Choose the Euclidean distance (i.e., in this case, a distance in R4096) to construct the nearest neighbor graph?vertices corresponding to the images. Construct a similarity graph with vertices corresponding to the images, and tune the threshold so that each node has at least K = 50 neighbors (this approach corresponds to the so-called -Isomap).

(a) (10 points) Visualize the similarity graph (you can either show the adjacency matrix, or similar to the lecture slides, visualize the graph using graph visualization packages such as Gephi (https://gephi.org) and illustrate a few images corresponds to nodes at different parts of the graph, e.g., mark them by hand or use software packages).

(20 points) Implement the ISOMAP algorithm yourself to obtain a two-dimensional low-dimensional embedding. Plot the embeddings using a scatter plot, similar to the plots in lecture slides. Find a few images in the embedding space and show what these images look like. Comment on do you see any visual similarity among them and their arrangement, similar to what you seen in the paper?

(c) (10 points) Now choose `1 distance (or Manhattan distance) between images (recall the denition from "Clustering" lecture)). Repeat the steps above. Use -ISOMAP to obtain a k = 2 dimensional embedding. Present a plot of this embedding. Do you see

any difference by choosing a diferent similarity measure by comparing results in Part (b) and Part (c)?

(d) (10 points) Perform PCA (you can now use your implementation written in Question 1) on the images and project them into the top 2 principal components. Again show them on a scatter plot. Explain whether or you see a more meaningful projection using ISOMAP than PCA

QUESTION 33 Motivation Is O the inward drive we have to get what we need O how you interpret the world around you O the mental position a consumer has about a product O how a person filters information expertise in certain areasProblem 4 (10 points) (a) Pioneer Advertising purchased advertising supplies costing $40,000 on October 5. Assuming that it paid with cash, prepare the journal entry to record the purchase of the supplies, b) An inventory count at the close of business on October 31 reveals that $15,000 of the dvertising supplies are still on hand. Prepare the adjusting journal entry on October 31.Q-3. Build your own Business Plan Every business needs to have a written business plan. Whether it's to provide direction or attract investors, a business plan is vital for the success for your organization A business plan is a written description of your business's future, a document that tells what you plan to do and how you plan to do it. Suppose you want to start up your own business after college graduate. Please make a comprehensive business plan for your business, which should include all the major elements of a business plan. (Answer in your own words)Ashley's company makes office equipment for both personal home use and office use. Her company spends much more money on advertising in the B2C part of her business rather than the B28 part of the business. Why? A. Publicity is the most effective advertising technique in B2B markets B. B28 marketing is too expensive to use advertising OC. B2B marketing usually involves more personal selling D. B28 markets are too heterogeneous to use advertising OE. Business consumers are more critical of advertising, so it doesn't work as well QUESTION 14 When starting to plan his company's advertising campaign, Haoran first asked, "What appeal should we use?". Why is this a bad first question? A He hasn't determined his target audience O B. He hasn't determined which media he will use C. He hasn't asked which resources he has, such as actors and film equipment O D. Appeals are only used in social media marketing, not in advertisingif a. a. Most of the dissatisfied customers do not speak, but just vote by their feet. True ! False b. b. Involving a manager in recovery process results in insufficient recovery. True r False c. c. Early detection in service recovery is importants especially for the customers who do not complain. True r' False Open-ended Questions: 1. 1. Why is service recovery important? 1 2. Why restaurants are important in service failure studies