Thornton Publications established the following standard price and costs for a hardcover picture book that the company produces.

Standard price and variable costs
Sales price	$	36.90
Materials cost		8.80
Labor cost		4.50
Overhead cost		5.50
Selling, general, and administrative costs		6.40
Planned fixed costs
Manufacturing overhead	$	126,000
Selling, general, and administrative		47,000

Assume that Thornton actually produced and sold 33,000 books. The actual sales price and costs incurred follow:

Actual price and variable costs
Sales price	$	35.90
Materials cost		9.00
Labor cost		4.40
Overhead cost		5.55
Selling, general, and administrative costs		6.20
Actual fixed costs
Manufacturing overhead	$	111,000
Selling, general, and administrative		53,000

Required

a. & b. Determine the flexible budget variances and also indicate the effect of each variance by selecting favorable (F) or unfavorable (U). (Select "None" if there is no effect (i.e., zero variance).)