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Three conditions are necessary for determining causality: empirical association, appropriatetime order, and nonspuriousness.In an experiment, ten people who had frequent headaches participated in a study.
Three conditions are necessary for determining causality: empirical association, appropriatetime order, and nonspuriousness.In an experiment, ten people who had frequent headaches participated in a study. Five of the participants were given pain aides while the other five were given placebos. Results were recorded.Discuss whether causality was established by meeting the three conditions.
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