Three of the statistical assumptions for the paired-samples t test are:

Group of answer choices

Independence, sphericity, & normality

Homogeneity of variances, dependence, & uncorrelated levels of the IV

Homogeneity of variance-covariance matrices, independence, & normality

Homogeneity of variances, dependence, & normality

Flag question: Question 2Question 22pts

Participants in an experiment discuss their experiences before the experiment is over. This experiment has a problem called:

Group of answer choices

Resentful demoralization

The Orne effect

Treatment contamination

The Hawthorne effect

Flag question: Question 3Question 32pts

Regression to the mean effects are most likely to occur when:

Group of answer choices

There is a ceiling effect

There is a floor effect

Extreme groups are studied

Subject reactivity occurs

Flag question: Question 4Question 42pts

True experiments are less likely to have _____ than correlational studies and quasi-experiments.

Group of answer choices

Causal ambiguity

Experimenter bias

Resentful demoralization

Mortality effects

Flag question: Question 5Question 52pts

The result of an independent samples t-test comparing Group A ( = 75) and Group B (= 70) is, t(30) = 2.50, p > 0.5. That can you conclude:

Group of answer choices

There is a mean difference between the groups

Group A did better than Group B

There is no mean difference between the groups

Group B did worse than Group A

Flag question: Question 6Question 62pts

Given the following information, determine whether or not an error in the statistical decision has been made. If so, state the type of error:Obtained sig = 08. Actual status of H0: True.

Group of answer choices

Type I error

Type II error

Type I & Type II errors

No Error

Flag question: Question 7Question 72pts

One of the most serious problems for quasi-experiments that involve comparisons of preexisting groups is:

Group of answer choices

Demand characteristics

Statistical "fishing"

Reciprocal causation

Self-selection bias

Flag question: Question 8Question 82pts

Experiments have _____________ if the independent variable(s) caused the observed changes in the dependent variable(s).

Group of answer choices

Construct validity for conclusions

External validity

Internal validity

Statistical validity

Flag question: Question 9Question 92pts

Given the following information, determine whether or not an error in statistical decision has been made. If so, state the type of error:. Obtained sig = .002. Actual status of H0: True.

Group of answer choices

Type I error

Type II error

Type I & Type II errors

No Error

Flag question: Question 10Question 102pts

The _________ effect occurs when participant performance changes simply because they know that they are being observed.

Group of answer choices

Hawthorne

Rosenthal

Butterfly

Ashe

Flag question: Question 11Question 112pts

Given the following information, determine whether or not an error in the statistical decision has been made. If so, state the type of error:. Obtained sig = .07. Actual status of H0: False

Group of answer choices

Type I error

Type II error

Type I & Type II errors

No Error

Flag question: Question 12Question 122pts

One way to reduce experimenter bias is to:

Group of answer choices

Conduct double-blind research

Use a control group

Randomly assign participants to groups

Use multiple levels of the IV

Flag question: Question 13Question 132pts

Lyons and Serbin (1986) found that observers who expect boys to be more aggressive than girls are less likely to observe girls' disagreements. This is an example of:

Group of answer choices

The Ashe effect

The Rosenthal effect

The Orne effect

Anthropomorphic thinking

Flag question: Question 14Question 142pts

True experiments may be threatened by:

Group of answer choices

Differential mortality

Double-blind effects

Self-selection bias

All of the above

Flag question: Question 15Question 152pts

Regression to the mean effects are controlled by using _____; and demand characteristics are controlled by using ______.

Group of answer choices

Factor analysis; control groups

Control groups; double-blind research

Unobtrusive observations; blind research

Double-blind research; control groups

Flag question: Question 16Question 162pts

Participants are given a test on racism, see a film on the effects of racism, then are immediately given the racism test again. The posttest scores are less racist than the pretest scores. This study probably suffers from:

Group of answer choices

Pretest sensitization

Treatment contamination

Mortality

History

Flag question: Question 17Question 172pts

The three statistical assumptions for the independent-samples t test and one-way between-subjects ANOVA are:

Group of answer choices

Independence, sphericity, & normality

Normality, independence, & circularity

Homogeneity of covariance matrices, the groups are correlated, normality

Normality, independence, & homogeneity of variances

Flag question: Question 18Question 182pts

Differential mortality occurs when mortality is confounded with:

Group of answer choices

Generational effects

The DV

The IV

Maturation

Flag question: Question 19Question 192pts

Children are given special musical training from age 3 to 4. During the training, their pitch perception is measured every month. The study's internal validity is threatened by:

Group of answer choices

Compensatory equalization

Mortality

History

Maturation

Flag question: Question 20Question 202pts

An investigator wants to test the hypothesis that children who drink orange juice before class will be more attentive than children who drink milk. He selects a classroom of children and obtains an alphabetical list of the students. He randomly assigns the students on the list to drink either (a) a glass of orange juice during lunch, or (b) a glass of milk during lunch. He then videotapes the classroom and has observers review the tapes and record the number of seconds that each child subsequently pays attention to the teacher during "story time." Assume that equal numbers of students were assigned to each group. The independent variable(s) in this study is/are:

Group of answer choices

School children and story time

A glass of orange juice and a glass of milk

Type of beverage

Attentiveness

An investigator wants to test the hypothesis that children who drink orange juice before class will be more attentive than children who drink milk. He selects a classroom of children and obtains an alphabetical list of the students. He randomly assigns the students on the list to drink either (a) a glass of orange juice during lunch, or (b) a glass of milk during lunch. He then videotapes the classroom and has observers review the tapes and record the number of seconds that each child subsequently pays attention to the teacher during "story time." Assume that equal numbers of students were assigned to each group. The scale of measurement of the independent variable(s) is/are:

Group of answer choices

Nominal

Ordinal

Interval/Ratio

An investigator wants to test the hypothesis that children who drink orange juice before class will be more attentive than children who drink milk. He selects a classroom of children and obtains an alphabetical list of the students. He randomly assigns the students on the list to drink either (a) a glass of orange juice during lunch, or (b) a glass of milk during lunch. He then videotapes the classroom and has observers review the tapes and record the number of seconds that each child subsequently pays attention to the teacher during "story time." Assume that equal numbers of students were assigned to each group. The levels of the independent variable(s) is/are:

Group of answer choices

Orange juice and milk

Before and after consuming the beverage (pre-post)

High, medium, and low attentiveness

School children in two separate classes

An investigator wants to test the hypothesis that children who drink orange juice before class will be more attentive than children who drink milk. He selects a classroom of children and obtains an alphabetical list of the students. He randomly assigns the students on the list to drink either (a) a glass of orange juice during lunch, or (b) a glass of milk during lunch. He then videotapes the classroom and has observers review the tapes and record the number of seconds that each child subsequently pays attention to the teacher during "story time." Assume that equal numbers of students were assigned to each group. The dependent variable(s) in this study is/are:

Group of answer choices

Attentiveness

Before and after consuming the beverage (pre-post)

Orange juice and milk

Type of beverage

An investigator wants to test the hypothesis that children who drink orange juice before class will be more attentive than children who drink milk. He selects a classroom of children and obtains an alphabetical list of the students. He randomly assigns the students on the list to drink either (a) a glass of orange juice during lunch, or (b) a glass of milk during lunch. He then videotapes the classroom and has observers review the tapes and record the number of seconds that each child subsequently pays attention to the teacher during "story time." Assume that equal numbers of students were assigned to each group. The scale of measurement of the dependent variable(s) is/are:

Group of answer choices

Nominal

Ordinal

Interval/Ratio

25. An investigator wants to test the hypothesis that children who drink orange juice before class will be more attentive than children who drink milk. He selects a classroom of children and obtains an alphabetical list of the students. He randomly assigns the students on the list to drink either (a) a glass of orange juice during lunch, or (b) a glass of milk during lunch. He then videotapes the classroom and has observers review the tapes and record the number of seconds that each child subsequently pays attention to the teacher during "story time." Assume that equal numbers of students were assigned to each group. What are the null and alternative hypotheses?

26. An investigator wants to test the hypothesis that children who drink orange juice before class will be more attentive than children who drink milk. He selects a classroom of children and obtains an alphabetical list of the students. He randomly assigns the students on the list to drink either (a) a glass of orange juice during lunch, or (b) a glass of milk during lunch. He then videotapes the classroom and has observers review the tapes and record the number of seconds that each child subsequently pays attention to the teacher during "story time." Assume that equal numbers of students were assigned to each group. What statistical test is most appropriate to analyze these data?

Group of answer choices

One-sample t test

Independent-samples t test

Paired-samples t test

One-way between-subjects ANOVA

27. An investigator wants to test the hypothesis that children who drink orange juice before class will be more attentive than children who drink milk. He selects a classroom of children and obtains an alphabetical list of the students. He randomly assigns the students on the list to drink either (a) a glass of orange juice during lunch, or (b) a glass of milk during lunch. He then videotapes the classroom and has observers review the tapes and record the number of seconds that each child subsequently pays attention to the teacher during "story time." Assume that equal numbers of students were assigned to each group. If the data severely violated the assumptions required for this parametric test, what non-parametric 'back up' test could be used to analyze the data instead?

Kruskal-Wallis H test

Mann-Whitney U test

Wilcoxon matched-pairs T test

There is no back up test available

28. An investigator wants to test the hypothesis that children who drink orange juice before class will be more attentive than children who drink milk. He selects a classroom of children and obtains an alphabetical list of the students. He randomly assigns the students on the list to drink either (a) a glass of orange juice during lunch, or (b) a glass of milk during lunch. He then videotapes the classroom and has observers review the tapes and record the number of seconds that each child subsequently pays attention to the teacher during "story time." Assume that equal numbers of students were assigned to each group. This research study is an example of a:

Descriptive study

Correlational study

True experiment

Quasi-Experiment

29. A researcher wants to study whether the spending habits of teenage boys differ from those of teenage girls. She selects 100 brother-sister siblings and has each sibling record and report the number of dollars he or she spends during a 3month period. The independent variable(s) in this study is/are:

Sex of the sibling

Number of dollars spent

Siblings and time period

Teenage boys and girls

30. A researcher wants to study whether the spending habits of teenage boys differ from those of teenage girls. She selects 100 brother-sister siblings and has each sibling record and report the number of dollars he or she spends during a 3month period. The scale of measurement of the independent variable(s) is/are:

Nominal

Ordinal

Interval/Ratio

31. A researcher wants to study whether the spending habits of teenage boys differ from those of teenage girls. She selects 100 brother-sister siblings and has each sibling record and report the number of dollars he or she spends during a 3-month period. The dependent variable(s) in this study is/are:

Sex of the sibling

Number of dollars spent

Siblings and time period

Teenage boys and girls

32. A researcher wants to study whether the spending habits of teenage boys differ from those of teenage girls. She selects 100 brother-sister siblings and has each sibling record and report the number of dollars he or she spends during a 3month period. The scale of measurement of the dependent variable(s) is/are:

Nominal

Ordinal

Interval/Ratio

33. A researcher wants to study whether the spending habits of teenage boys differ from those of teenage girls. She selects 100 brother-sister siblings and has each sibling record and report the number of dollars he or she spends during a 3-month period. What are the null and alternative hypotheses?

34. A researcher wants to study whether the spending habits of teenage boys differ from those of teenage girls. She selects 100 brother-sister siblings and has each sibling record and report the number of dollars he or she spends during a 3-month period. What statistical test is most appropriate to analyze these data?

One-way repeated measures ANOVA

Chi square test of independence

Paired-samples t test

One-way between-subjects ANOVA

35. If the data severely violated the assumptions required for this parametric test, what non-parametric 'back up' test could be used to analyze the data instead?

Kruskal-Wallis H test

Mann-Whitney U test

Wilcoxon matched-pairs T test

There is no back up test available