Some of the products of the following reactions are insoluble, and some form soluble adducts. Consider only the HSAB characteristics in your answers.

Will Cu2+ react more favorably with OH− or NH3? With O2- or S2-?

Will Fe3+ react more favorably with OH− or NH3? With O2- or S2-?

Will Ag+ react more favorably with NH3 or PH3?

Will Fe, Fe2+ , or Fe3+ react more favorably with CO?

For each of the following reactions, identify the acid and the base. Also indicate which acid-base definition (Lewis, Brønsted-Lowry) applies. In some cases, more than one definition may apply.

AlBr3 + Br− → AlBr4−

HClO4 + CH3CN → CH3CNH+ + ClO4−

Ni2+ + 6 NH3 → [Ni(NH3)6]2+

NH3 + ClF → H3N ··· ClF

2 ClO3− + SO2 → 2 ClO2 + SO42-

C3H7COOH + 2 HF→ [C3H7C(OH)2]+ + HF2−

 

 For each of the following reactions, identify the acid and the base. Also indicate which acid-base definition (Lewis, Brønsted-Lowry) applies. In some cases, more than one definition may apply.

XeO3 + OH−→ [HXeO4]−

Pt + XeF4 → PtF4 + Xe

C2H5OH + H2SeO4 → C2H5OH2+ + HSeO4−

[CH3Hg(H2O)]+ + SH− ⇌ [CH3HgS]− + H3O+

(benzyl)3 N + CH3COOH → (benzyl)3 NH+ + CH3COO−

SO2 + HCl → OSO ··· HCl

 

Baking powder is a mixture of aluminum sulfate and sodium hydrogen carbonate, which generates gas and makes bubbles in biscuit dough. Explain what the reactions are.

The conductivity of BrF3 is increased by adding KF. Explain this increase, using appropriate chemical equations.

 

 Xenon difluoride, XeF2 can act as a Lewis base toward metal cations such as Ag+ and Cd2+

In these cases, do you expect the XeF2 to exert its basicity through the lone pairs on Xe or those on F?

[Ag(XeF2)2]AsF6 and [Cd(XeF2)2](BF4)2 have both been synthesized. In which case, AsF6− or BF4−, do you expect the fluorines to act as stronger Lewis bases? Explain briefly. 

Three SAE class 9.8 steel bolts of size M18x2 are used to attach a bracket to a rigid column as shown below. Bracket supports a vertical load of 24 kN applied eccentrically as shown in the two sketches. The proof stress and yield strength of the bolt material are 650 MPa and 720 MPa respectively. The column can be assumed to be rigid. The load tends to rotate the bracket about an axis through point A (see figure on bottom left). This axis is perpendicular to the plane of the paper. Assume that there is no pre-load on the bolt. All dimensions are in mm. A 500 100 400 24 kN 150 150 150 E (Two different views of the bolted joint) 24 KN [a]. Which bolt is most likely to fail and why? It is suggested that you choose top left bolt (referring to the figure on the right) as origin for the centroid calculation, if needed. [b]. Determine the factor of safety for this critical bolt. [c]. If a factor of safety of 10 is desired, determine an appropriate bolt size.