Tico Inc. produces plastic bottles. Each bottle has a standard labor requirement of 0.03 hour. During the month of April, 900,000 bottles were produced using 25,200 labor hours @ $15.00. The standard wage rate is $13.50 per hour.

1. Calculate the total variance for production labor for the month of April.

2. Calculate the labor rate and efficiency variances using the columnar and formula approaches