Time Value of Money:

$PV=\frac{FV}{(1+r{)}^n}$

$PV=C[\frac{1-(1+r{)}^{-n}}{r}]$

$PV=\frac{C}{r}$

$PV=\frac{C}{r-g}$

$PV=\frac{C}{(r-g)}[1-(\frac{1+g}{1+r}{)}^n]$

$FV=PV(1+r{)}^n$

$FV=C[\frac{(1+r{)}^n-1}{r}]$

$1+$EAR$=(1+\frac{\text{A}\text{P}\text{R}}{k}{)}^k=(1+r_{\text{p}\text{e}\text{r}}{)}^k$

$r_r=\frac{1+r}{1+i}-1=\frac{r-i}{1+i}$~~$r-i$

How are these formulas used? Please provide examples.