Tipper Ltd runs an industrial waste disposal business. its employees engaged in the disposal work have strict instructions to dump waste only at properly approved sites. Some drivers, however, occasionally, dump waste on private land without permission. One of the drivers, Glen, dumped a load of toxic waste on a field which was part of Hal's farm. One of Hal's employees mentioned this to Hal but Hal took no action.

Unusually heavy rainfall caused the waste to seep into the soil and pollute a stream which ran into neighboring land farmed organically by Lan, causing a field to be unusable. Lois, a villager, took a short cut across Hal's field, examined the pile of waste and contracted a rash which is painful and requires treatment with strong creams.

Consider the claims which Lan may have against Hal and any defense Hal may have.

Consider whether Hal will have any liability to Lois.

Consider any liability of Tipper Ltd in respect of Glen.