Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 provides that "no person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance."

Teenagers at Smithtown High School are bullying a team member, Jason Johnson, because he is gay.

• What does the statute require Jason to prove? (Brief the statute (refer to page 178) What are the elements of this statute?)
• Is Jason able to show a violation of this statute? Why or why not?

New State's negligent arson statute provides that negligent arson "consists of a person recklessly starting a fire or causing an explosion, whether on the person's property or the property of another person, and thereby directly causing the death or bodily injury of another person; or damaging or destroying a building or occupied structure of another person."

Jessie Johnson threw a lit firecracker into a phone booth in New City, which cracked the glass of the phone booth.

• To convict Jessie of negligent arson, what must the prosecutor prove? (Brief the statute (refer to page 178) What are the elements of this statute?)
• Has Jessie violated this statute? Why or why not?