Title IX specifically prohibits women from playing on which of these team sports?

a.

Men's football.

b.

Men's hockey

c.

Men's basketball

d.

None of the above

QUESTION 2

Title IX applies to _____________________.

a.

high schools and colleges that receive federal funds.

b.

only high schools that receive federal funds.

c.

only colleges that receive federal funds.

d.

only public schools and state universities.

2 points

QUESTION 3

During the present 2021-2022 season the NFL is operating_______________________.

a.

under a soft salary cap.

b.

under a hard salary cap.

c.

under no salary cap.

d.

under a soft salary cap combined with a luxury tax.

2 points

QUESTION 4

According to the California Supreme Court, pitching at a batter's head in a baseball game is which of the following?

a.

Illegal

b.

Not a crime, but a tort

c.

Not subject to the jurisdiction of the courts

d.

An intrinsic part of the game of baseball and a fundamental and inherent risk of the sport of baseball.

2 points

QUESTION 5

According to the final decision in the Hackbart v. Cincinnati Bengals case, which of the following is true in regard to NFL games?

a.

Intentional striking of a player by another player during the course of a game violates the rules of the game and is a crime.

b.

Intentional striking of a player by another player during the course of a game may be subject to civil liability laws depending upon the individual circumstances.

c.

Intentional striking of a player by another player during the course of a game that violates the rules of the game is a tort.

d.

Intentional striking of a player by another player during the course of a game is never subject to review by the courts, but is rather a risk inherent in the sport.

2 points

QUESTION 6

Which of the following statements is false about athlete endorsement contracts?

a.

They may not be terminated during the course of the contract by the company without paying a penalty to the athlete.

b.

They generally prohibit the athlete from wearing a competing company's product in public.

c.

They generally prohibit the athlete from endorsing a similar product.

d.

They generally contain a clause by which the athlete waives any claim he or she may have against the company for any harm caused to him or her through the use of the endorsed product.

2 points

QUESTION 7

Which of the following is true about Judge Richard Berman's initial single judge decision in the Deflategate appeal of Roger Goodel's ruling?

a.

He ruled that Tom Brady was not aware of any tampering with the game balls.

b.

He ruled that the arbitration decision was not conducted in accordance with the standards required under the collective bargaining agreement between the NFL Players' Association an the NFL.

c.

He ruled that the cause of the deflating of the footballs was due to naturally occurring atmospheric conditions.

d.

All of the above.

2 points

QUESTION 8

Which of the following statements is true about a fan attending a Major League Baseball game?

a.

The team is generally liable if the fan is hit by a baseball during the ordinary course of the game.

b.

The fan only assumes the risk that he or she may get hit by a baseball during the ordinary course of the game if he or she has read the disclaimer and warning on the back of the ticket.

c.

The fan only assumes the risk that he or she may get hit by a baseball during the ordinary course of the game if he or she is familiar with the game of baseball.

d.

The fan generally assumes the risk that he or she may get hit by a baseball during the ordinary course of the game.

2 points

QUESTION 9

Which of the following is true about agents for NFL players?

a.

They need not be certified by the players' union.

b.

They do not have to pass a written exam in order to qualify as an agent.

c.

They are prohibited from offering money to a player as an inducement to hire them as an agent.

d.

They need not be a college graduate.

2 points

QUESTION 10

The standard NBA contract prohibits players from participating in which of the following sports?

a.

Sky diving

b.

Auto racing

c.

Hang gliding

d.

All of the above

2 points

QUESTION 11

Which of the following is true about parimutuel betting?

a.

The race track's share is based upon a percentage of the losing bets.

b.

The race track's share is based upon a percentage of the winning bets.

c.

The race track's share is based on a percentage of the total money bet.

d.

The race track takes a fixed amount as its share from every race.

2 points

QUESTION 12

Which of the following statements is true regarding cities that have hosted the Olympic Games?

a.

They have generally produced much overall profit through ticket sales.

b.

They have generally produced much overall profit through significantly increased tourism.

c.

They have generally produced much overall profit through the luring of businesses to locate in their cities and conventions to come to their cities as a result of the exposure provided by the Olympic Games.

d.

They have generally been unprofitable.

2 points

QUESTION 13

Which of these statements about the "point spread" at a sports book in a legal casino is true?

a.

The point spread is the oddsmaker's prediction as to how many points a team will win a game by.

b.

The purpose of the point spread is to encourage equal betting on both teams participating in a game.

c.

The casino providing sports betting makes its profit by taking a percentage of the winning bets.

d.

The casino providing sports betting makes its profit by taking a percentage of the losing bets.

2 points

QUESTION 14

The NCAA __________________________.

a.

regulates all amateur sports in the United States.

b.

is a voluntary organization that regulates much of college athletics in the United States

c.

does not under any circumstances permit professional athletes to compete in any college sports.

d.

is funded primarily through membership fees of the member colleges.

2 points

QUESTION 15

Which of the following is not a factor used to determine whether or not an institution is in compliance with Title IX?

a.

Equality in the number of sports offered to each gender in each athletic season.

b.

Travel and per diem allowances

c.

Opportunity to receive coaching

d.

Opportunity to receive academic tutoring

2 points

QUESTION 16

Which of the following statements about the Olympics is false?

a.

The number of countries participating in the Olympics is greater than the number of countries that are members of the United Nations.

b.

Professional athletes may not participate in the Olympics.

c.

The International Olympic Committee has no maximum age eligibility standards for participating athletes.

d.

Athletes are required to submit to drug tests.

2 points

QUESTION 17

Which of the following statements about the NCAA is false?

a.

The NCAA bans schools from using nicknames or mascots that are deemed by the NCAA to be hostile or abusive.

b.

Schools with nicknames or mascots deemed hostile or abusive by the NCAA may not host an NCAA championship competition.

c.

College athletes may not wear uniforms with references deemed hostile or abusive at NCAA championship competitions.

d.

The NCAA discourages nicknames or mascots which it deems to be hostile or abusive.

2 points

QUESTION 18

In the past both NFL and NBA players voted to decertify their unions ________________________________.

a.

because they were dissatisfied with their respective unions' representation of players.

b.

in order to be able to bring anti-trust charges against the NFL and the NBA.

c.

as the first step toward a strike.

d.

as a part of the collective bargaining process as required by their respective CBAs.

2 points

QUESTION 19

Which of the following substances does not violate the NFL's drug policy?

a.

Cocaine

b.

Marijuana

c.

Creatine

d.

All of the above.

2 points

QUESTION 20

Which of the following statements is true in regard to the NFL's policy regarding the use of marijuana?

a.

The NFL permits the use by players of marijuana for medical purposes, such as pain management, but not for recreational use.

b.

The NFL permits the recreational and medicinal use of marijuana only in those states such as Colorado where both uses are legal by state law.

c.

The most recent Collective Bargaining Agreement raised the the threshhold for a positive marijuana test and reduced the penalties for failing a marijuana test.

d.

The NFL no longer tests players for marijuna.

2 points

QUESTION 21

An agent for an NBA player ________________________.

a.

is limited as to the total compensation he or she can receive for managing the affairs of a player.

b.

is limited as to the compensation he or she can receive for representing a player in salary negotiations with the team.

c.

is not limited as to the compensation he or she can receive for representing a player in salary negotiation with the team.

d.

is not subject to any regulation as to the amount of compensation the agent can receive either for salary negotiation with the team or other services.

2 points

QUESTION 22

Which of the following professional sports allows agents to represent players without being registered with the respective sport's player's association?

a.

National Football League

b.

National Basketball Association

c.

Major League Baseball

d.

None of the above

2 points

QUESTION 23

The standard contract of which professional sports league has been the most easily terminated by the team during the term of the contract without having to make further payments to the player for the remainder of the contract?

a.

NFL

b.

NBA

c.

MLB

d.

NHL

2 points

QUESTION 24

If a professional basketball player endorses a particular company's athletic shoe, which of the following statements is generally true?

a.

If due to the shoe's design he or she suffers an injury, the contract generally provides that he or she may sue the shoe company.

b.

If due to the shoe's design he or she suffers an injury, the contract generally provides that he or she must arbitrate his or her claim against the shoe company.

c.

If due to the shoe's design he or she suffers an injury, the contract generally provides that he or she waives any legal rights to bring a legal action against the shoe company for the injury he or she may have suffered.

d.

If due to the shoe's design he or she suffers an injury, the contract generally provides the he or she may bring legal action against the shoe company for the injury he or she has suffered only if the injury prevented him or her from playing professional sports.

2 points

QUESTION 25

A professional athlete's right of publicity _________________________________.

a.

prohibits an artist from using the athlete's image in any medium without compensating the athlete.

b.

prohibits an artist from using the athlete's image in any medium without compensating the athlete if the athlete has copyrighted his image.

c.

is not violated if an artist uses the image of the athlete in a manner that is deemed transformative.

d.

is the exclusive property of the team for which the athlete plays.

2 points

QUESTION 26

Which of the following statements is true in regard to the right of disabled people to participate in sports programs?

a.

It is protected by Title IX.

b.

It is protect by law for disabled persons in schools from kindergarten through high school.

c.

It is protected by law for disabled persons in all schools, colleges or universities that receive federal funds.

d.

It requires schools to modify their rules in all circumstances to enable disabled students to play on high school varsity sports teams.

2 points

QUESTION 27

Which of the following professional sports leagues have been ruled by courts to be monopolies?

a.

NFL

b.

NHL

c.

NBA

d.

All of the above

2 points

QUESTION 28

In regard to anti- trust laws, Major League Baseball ____________________________.

a.

lost its exemption from anti-trust laws in the Supreme Court case of Flood v. Kuhn 407 U.S. 258 (1972).

b.

retained its exemption from anti-trust laws, but had the Supreme Court negate the reserve clause in the case of Flood v. Kuhn 407 U.S. 258 (1972)

c.

lost the ability to use the reserve clause in major league baseball and minor league baseball when Congress enacted the Curt Flood Act in 1988.

d.

retains its legal monopoly status.

2 points

QUESTION 29

In regard to the NFL minimum age rules, the courts have ___________________________.

a.

ruled that they are a violation of labor law and unenforceable.

b.

ruled that they are a violation of labor law, but gave the NFL three years to change the rules.

c.

ruled that they are a legitimate exercise of collective bargaining by the player's union and are enforceable against all players seeking employment in the NFL.

d.

have ruled that they are a legitimate exercise of collective bargaining by the player's union and are enforceable against all players seeking employment in the NFL, but not enforceable against anyone seeking employment as an NFL player who is not a union member.

2 points

QUESTION 30

In labor laws, monopolies _______________________________.

a.

always violate antitrust laws.

b.

violate anti-trust laws if they constitute a restraint of trade

c.

violate anti-trust laws if they constitute unreasonable restraints of trade.

d.

do not apply to any professional sports.

2 points

QUESTION 31

Which of the following statement or statements about the NFL salary cap are true?

a.

The salary cap sets a maximum amount of money that an NFL team can spend on players' contracts during a single season.

b.

Each team's salary cap is calculated each year based upon NFL revenues for the particular team.

c.

Each team's salary cap is calculated each year based upon revenues for the entire NFL.

d.

a and c

2 points

QUESTION 32

Which of the following statement or statements is or are true in regard to the NBA salary cap?

a.

Teams are required to pay the full amount of the salary cap.

b.

Teams may not exceed the salary cap.

c.

Exceptions to the salary cap are not permitted.

d.

None of the above.

2 points

QUESTION 33

An arbitration panel conducting salary arbitration of a Major League Baseball player can determine the player's salary ____________________________.

a.

by accepting the player's proposed salary.

b.

by accepting the team's proposed salary.

c.

by averaging the player's proposed salary and the team's proposed salary, accepting the player's proposed salary or accepting the team's proposed salary.

d.

a and b

2 points

QUESTION 34

The protocol for Olympic drug testing requires the athlete to provide two bottles of urine following competing in an event. What is the testing protocol?

a.

One bottle of urine is tested for banned substances and if the test shows the presence of a banned substance, the athlete is subject to sanctions.

b.

If following the testing for banned substances, the first sample indicates the presence of a banned substance, the second bottle is tested and if the second sample indicates the presence of a banned substance, the athlete is subject to sanctions.

c.

If following the testing for banned substances, the first sample indicates the presence of a banned substance, the second bottle is tested and if the second sample does not indicate the presence of a banned substance, the athlete receives a warning and is put on probation.

d.

If following the testing for banned substances, the first sample indicates the presence of a banned substance, the second bottle is tested and if the second sample indicates the presence of a banned substance, the athlete must provide a third urine sample that is used to definitively rule as to whether a banned substance was present and the athlete sanctioned.

2 points

QUESTION 35

The NFL's franchise in Washington DC is now known as the Washington Football Team, however, which of these statements is or are true in regard to their former trademark of "Washington Redskins?"

a.

Trademark's that disparage a group are prohibited from being registered as legitimate trademarks.

b.

A trademark that is not permitted to be registered due to offensiveness may not be used by a person or company.

c.

Disparaging or offensive trademarks may not be registered.

d.

None of the above.

2 points

QUESTION 36

In the class action of former NFL players against the NFL in regard to concussion related injuries that ended by a settlement, if the case had gone to trial, in order to be successful the players would have had to prove ___________________________________.

a.

that concussions received while playing in the NFL in some way contributed to their illnesses.

b.

that concussions received while playing in the NFL were the proximate cause of their illnesses.

c.

that they had no predisposition to concussions.

d.

None of the above.

2 points

QUESTION 37

The cost of operating Division One college athletic programs ____________________________________________.

a.

are covered for the vast majority of Division One schools from the profits received from ticket sales.

b.

are covered for the vast majority of Division One schools by making up for operating deficits with student fees, government subsidies and university subsidies.

c.

are covered for the vast majority of Division One schools through television rights and merchandising.

d.

a and c

2 points

QUESTION 38

A college athlete injured during a game ________________________________.

a.

is covered by worker's compensation.

b.

is covered by worker's compensation if he is receiving a scholarship which thereby qualifies as wages.

c.

is not covered by workers compensation.

d.

is covered by workers compensation only for contact sports.

2 points

QUESTION 39

A defense used by EA Sports in the Ed O'Bannon lawsuit against EA Sports regarding its college basketball video game _____________________________.

a.

was no player's name was ever used in relation to the avatars shown in the video games.

b.

was the avatars met the standard of a transformative use and therefore constituted art for which no compensation had to be paid to the athletes.

c.

was protected by the First Amendment.

d.

All of the above.

2 points

QUESTION 40

The judgment in the final appeals decision of the O'Bannon vs. NCAA case ruled _________________________________.

a.

that the NCAA's rules regarding amateurism violated anti-trust law.

b.

that the NCAA's rules regarding amateurism did not violate anti-trust laws.

c.

that colleges could compensate their athletes over and above the full cost of attending the school within reason.

d.

that colleges could provide up to $5,000 per year for name, image and likeness rights to college athletes.

2 points

QUESTION 41

In the case of Jeremy Bloom vs. the NCAA in which professional skier Jeremy Bloom sought to overturn the NCAA's ruling that he could not play college football because he was a professional skier, the basis for Judge Hale's ruling in favor of the NCAA was __________________________________.

a.

The NCAA can make whatever rules it wishes regarding the eligibility of athletes.

b.

The NCAA's rules should be deferred to unless the rules were not arbitrary and capricious.

c.

Professional skiing is not an NCAA sport.

d.

None of the above.

2 points

QUESTION 42

If an NFL team exceeds the salary cap ____________________________.

a.

it pays a luxury tax.

b.

the overage is used to reduce the salary cap figure in the following year.

c.

an NFL team cannot effectively exceed the salary cap because all contracts must be approved by the league offices, however if a team attempts to exceed the salary cap, the team can be fined and/or lose draft picks and have contracts canceled.

d.

there are no penalties.

2 points

QUESTION 43

Which of the following statements regarding the NFL salary cap are true?

a.

Each team is required to spend the entire salary cap on players' salaries each year.

b.

The league as a whole must spend 95% of its total cap space each year.

c.

Each team is required to spend the entire salary cap averaged over three years.

d.

There are no minimum requirements of how much of the salary cap, each team must pay to its players. The figure is only limits the maximum amount the team must pay

2 points

QUESTION 44

Which of the following are true in regard to violence between participants at a professional sporting event.

a.

Athletes assume the risk that they may be violently injured by another participant in a professional sporting event so there is never any civil or criminal liability for injuries suffered in a professional sporting event.

b.

Professional sporting events are subject to civil tort law, but are not subject to criminal law.

c.

Civil tort law and criminal law may be applied to injuries sustained as a result of violence in a professional sporting event depending upon the circumstances.

d.

None of the above.

2 points

QUESTION 45

Which of these statements is or are true in regard to Name, Image and Likeness rights of NCAA college athletes?

a.

Only athletes in states, such as Florida, that have passed Name, Image and Likeness laws are allowed to profit off their Name, Image or Likeness.

b.

Congress has enacted national standards for Name, Image and Likeness rights of college athletes.

c.

The NCAA has left the determination of Name, Image and Likeness rights rules entirely up to the states.

d.

Athletes whose schools are located in states that do not have Name, Image and Likeness laws are allowed to profit from their Name, Image and Likeness according to the NCAA's interm NIL policy.

2 points

QUESTION 46

Which of these statements is true in regard to Caster Semenya?

a.

She was banned by the IOC from participating in the upcoming Tokyo Olympics because she has been determined to have excessive levels of testosterone.

b.

The IOC ruled that she could not participate as a woman in the upcoming Tokyo Olympics.

c.

She was banned by the IOC from participating in the Tokyo Olympics because she was determined to have taken Performance Enhancing Drugs.

d.

None of the above.

2 points

QUESTION 47

Which of the following statements is or are true in regard to morals clauses in standard NBA and MLB contacts?

Morality clauses are prohibited from being included in the standard MLB and NBA player contracts.

In order to qualify as a violation of the morality clause in an MLB or NBA player's contract, the conduct must result in a criminal conviction.

The standard for violation of the morality clause in an MLB or NBA player's contract is not precisely defined.

Morality clauses are only included in the contracts of some MLB and NBA players.

2 points

QUESTION 48

Which of the following may be registered as Trademarks.

a.

An athlete's name.

b.

An athlete's nickname.

c.

A symbol representing an athlete.

d.

All of the above.

2 points

QUESTION 49

Which of these statements is true in regard to an NBA player gambling?

a.

NBA players are allowed to gamble on any sporting event so long as he does it in a state where sports gambling is legal.

b.

NBA players are allowed to gamble on NBA games in which his team does not participate if his gambling is done legally.

c.

NBA players are allowed to gamble on any sporting event other than an NBA game,

d.

Sports gambling of any kind is not permitted for NBA players.

2 points

QUESTION 50

Which of these statements is or are true in regard to the NCAA and antitrust law?

a.

Because the NCAA is a non-profit organization it is not subject to anti-trust law.

b.

The NCAA is subject to anti-trust law.

c.

The anti-trust Rule of Reason is applicable to anti-trust considerations in regard to the NCAA.

d.

b and c