To investigate attitudes about the economy and stock ownership, a random sample of 200 adults from Washington State was interviewed. You are called upon to use your newly acquired statistical skills, Chi-Squared tests, to answer some important questions.

• Sex (M - male, F - female)
• Income group (A -under $30K, B - $30K-$60K, C - $60K-$85K, D - over $85K)
• Highest education level (
• Age group (18-24, 35-49, 50+)
• Do you own stocks? (Y- yes, N - no)
• Opinion on economy (PESS - pessimistic, NEUT - neutral, OPT - optimistic)
• Better off? Are you economically better off than you were 5 years ago (Y - yes, N - no)

Sex	Income Group	Highest Education Level	Age Group	Do You own Stocks?	Economy?	Better Off?
M	A	COLLGRAD	18-24	Y	OPT	Y
M	A	HS	35-49	Y	OPT	Y
F	B		50+	N	PESS	N
M	C	SOMECOLL	35-49	Y	NEUT	Y
M	B	COLLGRAD	25-34	N	NEUT	Y
M	D	SOMECOLL	50+	N	OPT	N
M	B	HS	18-24	N	PESS	N
F	A	HS	18-24	Y	PESS	Y
F	C	SOMECOLL	18-24	N	NEUT	Y
M	D	GRADDEG	35-49	N	OPT	Y
F	B	COLLGRAD	25-34	Y	OPT	N
M	A	HS	50+	Y	PESS	Y
F	A		50+	N	OPT	Y
F	B	SOMECOLL	18-24	N	PESS	N
F	B	COLLGRAD	50+	N	PESS	Y
M	C	COLLGRAD	18-24	N	OPT	N
M	C	HS	18-24	Y	NEUT	Y
F	A	HS	25-34	Y	OPT	Y
F	B	SOMECOLL	18-24	Y	OPT	Y
F	A	GRADDEG	35-49	N	PESS	Y
M	B	COLLGRAD	50+	Y	PESS	Y
M	C	HS	25-34	N	NEUT	Y
F	D	GRADDEG	18-24	Y	NEUT	N
F	D	HS	18-24	N	NEUT	Y
M	A		35-49	Y	OPT	Y
F	C	COLLGRAD	50+	Y	PESS	Y
F	D	HS	50+	Y	PESS	N
M	A	SOMECOLL	18-24	N	NEUT	N
M	B	GRADDEG	18-24	N	PESS	Y
M	C	GRADDEG	50+	N	NEUT	Y
F	C	SOMECOLL	25-34	Y	OPT	N
F	D	COLLGRAD	50+	Y	PESS	Y
F	C	HS	35-49	N	OPT	N
M	B	GRADDEG	50+	N	NEUT	Y
M	A	SOMECOLL	50+	Y	PESS	N
F	B	COLLGRAD	18-24	Y	PESS	N
M	A	COLLGRAD	50+	N	NEUT	N
F	C	COLLGRAD	18-24	Y	OPT	Y
F	B		25-34	N	OPT	Y
F	A	GRADDEG	35-49	Y	OPT	Y
F	D	HS	50+	N	NEUT	N
M	C	SOMECOLL	50+	N	OPT	Y
M	A	GRADDEG	18-24	N	NEUT	N
M	B	COLLGRAD	25-34	Y	PESS	Y
M	C	HS	50+	Y	OPT	N
F	B		35-49	Y	OPT	Y
M	C	HS	35-49	N	NEUT	N
F	A	SOMECOLL	50+	N	PESS	N
M	C	COLLGRAD	50+	N	OPT	Y
M	B		18-24	N	OPT	Y
F	D	SOMECOLL	35-49	Y	PESS	Y
F	D	GRADDEG	50+	N	NEUT	N
M	C	COLLGRAD	25-34	N	PESS	N
M	A	GRADDEG	18-24	N	PESS	Y
M	B	SOMECOLL	18-24	Y	OPT	N
F	D	GRADDEG	50+	Y	NEUT	Y
F	D	COLLGRAD	25-34	Y	PESS	N
F	D	GRADDEG	25-34	N	PESS	Y
M	C	GRADDEG	50+	N	NEUT	Y
F	A	COLLGRAD	18-24	Y	OPT	N
F	C	HS	18-24	N	NEUT	N
M	D	SOMECOLL	25-34	Y	OPT	Y
F	B	HS	35-49	Y	PESS	Y
M	B		50+	Y	OPT	Y
F	B	COLLGRAD	25-34	N	OPT	N
M	D	SOMECOLL	25-34	N	PESS	Y
M	A	COLLGRAD	35-49	Y	PESS	N
M	C	GRADDEG	25-34	Y	NEUT	N
F	D	HS	18-24	N	OPT	N
F	B	COLLGRAD	25-34	N	OPT	N
F	B		25-34	Y	PESS	Y
M	D	SOMECOLL	25-34	N	NEUT	N
M	C	COLLGRAD	50+	Y	OPT	Y
F	A	COLLGRAD	35-49	N	OPT	Y
F	C	HS	50+	N	PESS	N
M	D	GRADDEG	25-34	N	NEUT	N
M	B	GRADDEG	18-24	N	PESS	N
M	D	COLLGRAD	18-24	Y	OPT	Y
F	C	GRADDEG	50+	Y	NEUT	N
M	A	COLLGRAD	25-34	N	NEUT	Y
F	C	HS	25-34	Y	OPT	Y
M	B		35-49	N	OPT	N
F	C	SOMECOLL	50+	Y	PESS	N
F	C	GRADDEG	50+	N	NEUT	Y
F	D	COLLGRAD	18-24	N	NEUT	Y
M	C		25-34	N	OPT	N
M	D	HS	18-24	Y	OPT	N
M	C	GRADDEG	25-34	Y	PESS	Y
M	A	SOMECOLL	50+	N	NEUT	N
F	A	COLLGRAD	35-49	Y	PESS	Y
F	B		50+	N	OPT	N
M	C	SOMECOLL	18-24	Y	PESS	Y
F	D	COLLGRAD	35-49	N	PESS	N
F	A	COLLGRAD	35-49	N	OPT	Y
F	C	COLLGRAD	25-34	Y	PESS	N
M	D	SOMECOLL	25-34	Y	PESS	Y
F	D	HS	50+	N	OPT	Y
F	C	HS	25-34	Y	NEUT	Y
M	D		50+	Y	PESS	N
M	C	COLLGRAD	18-24	N	OPT	N
F	C	SOMECOLL	35-49	Y	OPT	Y
M	B	HS	25-34	N	OPT	Y
M	B	GRADDEG	25-34	N	OPT	Y
M	C	HS	35-49	N	NEUT	N
F	A	SOMECOLL	18-24	Y	PESS	N
F	A	COLLGRAD	35-49	Y	PESS	N
M	C	HS	18-24	N	NEUT	N
M	D	SOMECOLL	35-49	N	OPT	N
M	B		50+	Y	NEUT	Y
M	C	SOMECOLL	35-49	N	OPT	N
F	D	COLLGRAD	25-34	Y	NEUT	N
M	A	GRADDEG	25-34	N	NEUT	N
F	D	HS	18-24	N	OPT	Y
M	C		18-24	Y	OPT	N
F	D	COLLGRAD	25-34	N	NEUT	Y
F	D	SOMECOLL	50+	N	OPT	N
F	A	HS	25-34	Y	PESS	Y
M	A	SOMECOLL	18-24	Y	PESS	N
M	C		35-49	Y	NEUT	Y
F	D		50+	Y	OPT	Y
F	A		25-34	N	NEUT	Y
M	B	COLLGRAD	25-34	N	OPT	N
F	C	HS	35-49	Y	PESS	N
F	D	SOMECOLL	35-49	N	OPT	N
M	A		25-34	Y	OPT	Y
M	C	GRADDEG	50+	N	PESS	N
M	D	COLLGRAD	18-24	Y	PESS	Y
F	C	HS	25-34	N	NEUT	N
F	D	SOMECOLL	18-24	Y	OPT	Y
M	A	SOMECOLL	25-34	N	PESS	N
F	B	HS	25-34	Y	OPT	N
M	A	GRADDEG	18-24	Y	PESS	Y
F	C	COLLGRAD	35-49	Y	NEUT	Y
M	D	SOMECOLL	50+	N	OPT	N
M	B		35-49	N	OPT	Y
M	C	SOMECOLL	25-34	Y	OPT	N
F	C	COLLGRAD	18-24	N	OPT	Y
F	D		25-34	Y	PESS	N
M	D	COLLGRAD	35-49	N	PESS	Y
F	A	HS	50+	Y	OPT	Y
F	D		25-34	Y	OPT	Y
M	A	SOMECOLL	18-24	N	NEUT	N
M	D	GRADDEG	25-34	N	NEUT	N
F	A	SOMECOLL	35-49	N	OPT	Y
F	C	COLLGRAD	25-34	Y	PESS	Y
M	A	SOMECOLL	50+	Y	OPT	N
F	D		18-24	N	PESS	Y
M	C	COLLGRAD	35-49	N	OPT	N
F	B	SOMECOLL	50+	N	OPT	Y
F	C	HS	25-34	Y	NEUT	N
M	B	HS	25-34	Y	PESS	Y
M	B		25-34	Y	OPT	N
M	C	COLLGRAD	18-24	N	OPT	N
F	D	COLLGRAD	50+	Y	OPT	Y
F	A	HS	50+	N	PESS	Y
M	A		25-34	Y	NEUT	Y
M	C	SOMECOLL	18-24	N	NEUT	N
F	D	HS	25-34	Y	OPT	N
M	C	SOMECOLL	50+	Y	PESS	N
F	B	COLLGRAD	35-49	Y	PESS	Y
F	C		25-34	Y	NEUT	N
M	D	SOMECOLL	18-24	N	OPT	Y
M	C	HS	25-34	N	OPT	N
F	B	COLLGRAD	35-49	Y	OPT	Y
F	C	GRADDEG	50+	N	PESS	Y
M	A	HS	25-34	Y	PESS	N
M	C		25-34	Y	OPT	Y
F	A	COLLGRAD	25-34	Y	OPT	N
M	D	COLLGRAD	50+	N	NEUT	Y
F	C	SOMECOLL	18-24	N	PESS	N
M	B	COLLGRAD	25-34	N	NEUT	Y
M	C	HS	18-24	Y	OPT	N
M	D	SOMECOLL	25-34	Y	OPT	Y
F	B		35-49	N	NEUT	Y
F	C		50+	Y	PESS	Y
M	D	HS	25-34	N	OPT	N
M	D	COLLGRAD	35-49	Y	OPT	N
F	A		25-34	Y	PESS	Y
F	D	HS	18-24	N	PESS	N
M	D	GRADDEG	25-34	N	NEUT	Y
M	B	COLLGRAD	50+	N	OPT	Y
F	D	SOMECOLL	25-34	N	NEUT	Y
F	B	COLLGRAD	50+	Y	OPT	N
M	D	HS	50+	Y	PESS	Y
F	B	SOMECOLL	25-34	N	OPT	N
F	B	SOMECOLL	35-49	Y	OPT	N
M	A	GRADDEG	18-24	N	OPT	Y
M	D	COLLGRAD	50+	N	OPT	Y
M	C		25-34	N	PESS	Y
F	A	HS	35-49	Y	NEUT	N
F	B		18-24	Y	NEUT	N
M	B	COLLGRAD	18-24	N	OPT	N
F	D	GRADDEG	50+	Y	PESS	N
F	C	HS	25-34	N	PESS	Y
M	A	COLLGRAD	25-34	N	OPT	N
F	D	COLLGRAD	50+	N	NEUT	Y
F	C		18-24	Y	PESS	N
M	B	HS	50+	Y	OPT	Y
F	D	SOMECOLL	35-49	N	OPT	Y
M	C	COLLGRAD	25-34	N	OPT	N

1.)

Conduct a Chi-squared test of independence to determine whether you can reject the null hypothesis that a person's view of the economy is independent of their age (measured by age group). Use a 5% significance level. State your null and alternative hypothesis. O HO: P1 = P2 = P3 = p4 (The four sample proportions across age group are equal) H1: At least one of the sample proportions is different O HO: A person's view of the economy is independent of age group. That is, the population proportions across all age groups are equal. H1: A person's view of the economy is not independent of age group, That is, at least one of the population proportions is different