topic "Improving TCP Performance in Wireless Networks":

$1.$ Abstract:

This study focuses on enhancing TCP performance in wireless networks, which face challenges such as high error rates, fluctuating bandwidth, and frequent route changes. Traditional TCP variants exhibit suboptimal performance in such environments due to their reliance on packet loss as the sole congestion signal. We investigate mechanisms aimed at improving TCP performance in wireless networks by providing faster reaction to link failures and more accurate estimation of available bandwidth.

$2.$ Introduction:

The problem we aim to address in this study is the suboptimal performance of TCP variants in wireless network environments. Wireless networks pose unique challenges, including high error rates, fluctuating bandwidth, and frequent route changes, which can lead to degraded TCP performance. Traditional TCP implementations rely heavily on packet loss as an indicator of network congestion, which is not always reliable in wireless networks. This reliance often results in inefficient use of available bandwidth and poor throughput. Therefore, there is a need for mechanisms that can enhance TCP performance by adapting more effectively to the dynamic nature of wireless networks. In this study, we explore the use of socket programming to implement and evaluate these mechanisms, with a focus on improving throughput and reducing latency in wireless network scenarios.

$3.$ Literature Review:

Previous research has explored various approaches to improving TCP performance in wireless networks. One significant contribution is TCP Westwood, introduced by Casetti et al$.[1].$ TCP Westwood addresses the limitations of traditional TCP variants by introducing a novel bandwidth estimation mechanism tailored to wireless links. Unlike traditional variants that rely solely on packet loss as an indicator of congestion, TCP Westwood monitors variations in the congestion window and maximum window reached during congestion avoidance to estimate available bandwidth accurately. Experimental evaluations demonstrate its effectiveness in achieving higher throughput and better fairness compared to existing TCP variants, particularly in scenarios with high error rates and fluctuating bandwidth.

Another notable solution is presented by Chen et al$.[2],$ proposing a mechanism to improve TCP performance over mobile ad hoc networks $($MANETs$)$ by providing explicit link failure notification to the transport layer. Traditional TCP implementations often suffer from performance degradation in MANETs due to the dynamic nature of these networks. By integrating link failure notification into the TCP protocol stack, the proposed mechanism enables faster reaction to link failures, reducing packet loss and improving overall performance. Experimental evaluations showcase higher throughput and lower latency compared to traditional TCP variants in MANET scenarios.

These research efforts highlight the importance of adapting TCP to the unique challenges of wireless networks, such as high error rates, fluctuating bandwidth, and dynamic topology changes. By incorporating innovative mechanisms like bandwidth estimation and explicit link failure notification, researchers have made significant strides in enhancing TCP performance in wireless environments.

$4.$ System Design:

To implement and evaluate the mechanisms proposed in the literature for improving TCP performance in wireless networks, we will design a simulation framework using socket programming. The system design will consist of several key components:

$1.$ Simulation Environment: We will create a simulated wireless network environment using network simulation tools such as NS$-3$ or OMNeT$++.$ This environment will include nodes representing wireless devices, with varying error rates, bandwidths, and mobility patterns to simulate real$-$world wireless network conditions.

$2.$ TCP Variants: We will implement traditional TCP variants, such as TCP Reno and TCP NewReno, as baseline comparisons. Additionally, we will implement the proposed mechanisms from the literature, including TCP Westwood and the mechanism with explicit link failure notification.

$3.$ Socket Programming: Utilizing socket programming, we will develop the communication protocols for data transmission between nodes in the simulated network. This will involve establishing connections, sending and receiving data packets, and handling acknowledgments and timeouts.

$4.$ Bandwidth Estimation: For TCP Westwood, we will implement the bandwidth estimation algorithm described in the literature. This algorithm will monitor variations in the congestion window and maximum window reached during congestion avoidance to estimate available bandwidth accurately.

$5.$ Link Failure Notification: For the mechanism with explicit link failure notification, we will integrate detection and notification mechanisms into the TCP protocol stack

Now solve Part B show in Photo