Topic: World Economy

I would like you to make a paragraph for my essay with the subheading poverty and inequality. use ALL that is mentioned below to help guide you!

You should not start a section with a Textbox, graph or table. Through every section, you should also avoid putting all of the tables and graphs together, or putting all of the Textboxes together. Instead, you should spread them out, so that each Textbox, graph or table is located next to the bit of analysis.

In the main text, you should not simply describe what we can already see by looking at the data in the table or graph. Instead, you should use those words to analyse WHY the data are doing what they are doing - drawing on your knowledge of economic theory and policy, from your lecture notes, reading from the lecture reading lists, seminar discussions, etc. (listed below)

Textboxes contain GENERAL concepts, definitions etc, that you draw on in your analysis. DO NOT include any country-specific analysis in the Textboxes. Also, do not put general concepts and definitions in the main text as that is a waste of words

instruction (important you read carefully and follow) :

.You should structure your analysis in a way that optimises clarity and coherence. Start by discussing whether current poverty measures are appropriate for Russia. Present these measures in a numbered Textbox, allowing for easy cross-referencing. Following this discussion, locate the Textbox immediately after to enhance clarity.

Proceed by presenting four graphs intermittently with analysis, avoiding clustering them together. Provide some analysis, then present a graph, followed by more analysis, and then another graph, ensuring a balanced distribution of information. This approach ensures that each bit of analysis is complemented by relevant data and allows for a smooth transition between themes within Poverty.

Transition to the next theme within Poverty by introducing introductory text, followed by a second Textbox, a graph, and additional analysis. Maintain the alternation between Textboxes, graphs, and analysis to keep the discussion coherent and engaging.

When addressing Inequality, follow a similar pattern of alternating introductory text, Textboxes, graphs, and analysis. Ensure that each component is closely linked to the corresponding analysis to facilitate comprehension and continuity.

By adopting this structured approach, you can effectively present your analysis while maintaining clarity and coherence throughout the essay.

I will do the graphs myself please just gather the data for the graphs and put it in a table form so that I can make on excel. Please send it through coherently with the paragraph. I will then replace it with the graph version. also mention that ' bellow I mention the contents required to talk about and the analysis you need to mention as well as example of graphs and charts you can use'. try chose one at least 3 of the example graph headings to make a table with. chose one of the graphs for 'indirect poverty' and one graph for 'direct poverty' (out of the examples) and finally one graph for 'inequality' (from the options available) and collect data required to make those graphs but for Russia. its important when picking the graphs from the example, you need to choose one that has the most reliable and accurate data as well as the ones in which you can analyse economic concepts around the best. the data sources are linked below to help you make the tables. just please tell me after you make the tables , what graph I should make with each table you make filled with data to present in graphic forms (like the examples).

Structure you should follow:

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**Introduction:**

You should start by setting the stage for the analysis, providing background information on Russia and outlining the main points to be covered. (don't make this too. should be shirt and snapy)

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**Analysis Section:**

1. **Discussion of Poverty Measures:** - You should begin by discussing the appropriateness of current poverty measures for Russia. Reference Textbox 1, where general concepts and definitions related to poverty measures are provided.

[Textbox 1: Poverty Measures]

- After the discussion, provide analysis based on economic theory and policy, drawing on your knowledge from lectures, readings, and seminar discussions.

2. **Graph 1: Trends in Poverty Rate Over Time:** - Following the analysis, present Graph 1, which shows trends in the poverty rate over time in Russia.

[Graph 1: Trends in Poverty Rate]

- Analyze the data presented in Graph 1, explaining the patterns observed and providing insights into the factors driving changes in the poverty rate in Russia.

3. **Discussion of Income Inequality:** - Next, discuss income inequality and its implications for the Russian economy. Reference Textbox 2, where general concepts and definitions related to income inequality are provided.

[Textbox 2: Income Inequality]

- After the discussion, provide analysis of income inequality in the context of Russia, drawing on economic theory and policy, as well as knowledge from lectures and readings.

4. **Graph 2: Gini Coefficient Over Time:** - After the analysis, present Graph 2, which shows changes in the Gini coefficient over time in Russia.

[Graph 2: Gini Coefficient Trends]

- Analyze the data presented in Graph 2, exploring the trends in income inequality in Russia and discussing potential policy implications based on your knowledge from lectures and readings.

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**Conclusion:**

Conclude by summarizing the key findings of the analysis and discussing implications for future research or policy in Russia.

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With this version, you can fill in the analysis based on your knowledge of Russia from lectures and readings, ensuring that the content is tailored to your understanding of the Russian economy.

'Lecture, Readings and seminar knowledge': This is what I want you to research and talk about in your work. do have to include all but include what is relevant for what you will discuss and the tables you make. Indirect measures: Income based Population living in poverty Absolute poverty/Poverty headcount Poverty rate Relative poverty/Poverty headcount ratio Poverty gap Degree of poverty Evidence Developing world Measurement considerations

Examples Figure 3: Food Security, % of persons who are severely food insecure Diagram 3 Educational Attainment - 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 % of Population (25+) 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2018 2019 2020 Years Educational attainment, at least completed lower secondary, population 25+, total (%) (cumulative) Educational attainment, at least completed primary, population 25+ years, total (%) (cumulative) Persons in lone-parent families Persons in economic families Non-elderly persons not in an economic familyExamples Diagram 4 82 Life Expectancy 80 78 Multidimensional aspects of poverty Malaysia Well-Being index Years Variable Social Well being Economic Well-Being 19 1998 1999 2000 200 2002 200 200 2005 105 2006 2007 2008 110 2009 2010 115 201 201 2013 2014 120 201 2016 2017 2018 125 201 2020 130 Life expectancy at birth, female (years) . Life expectancy at birth, male (yes) . Life expectancy at birth, total (years) Indexed values for well-being (2000 = 100) 2020 2019Acomparison of Poverty using two poverty lines ($1.90 per day and $2.25 per day) Figure Three: Relationship of Social Spending and Poverty 0.35 9.00% 0.3 8.00% 7.00% 0.25 6.00% 0.2 5.00% % of population +A 0.15 Percentage for Poverty Headcount 4.00% 0.1 3.00% +A 2.00% 0.05 1.00% 0 0.00% LA 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 Year 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2003 2006 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 Social Spending, public, USD/capita -Poverty Headcount (% ) at 1.9 PF Poverty headcount at $2.25 . Poverty gap at $2.25 . Poverty headcount at $1.90 Poverty gap at $1.90Examples Figure 3: Food Security, % of persons who are severely food insecure Diagram 3 Educational Attainment - 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 % of Population (25+) 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2018 2019 2020 Years Educational attainment, at least completed lower secondary, population 25+, total (%) (cumulative) Educational attainment, at least completed primary, population 25+ years, total (%) (cumulative) Persons in lone-parent families Persons in economic families Non-elderly persons not in an economic familyExamples Diagram 4 82 Life Expectancy 80 78 Multidimensional aspects of poverty Malaysia Well-Being index Years Variable Social Well being Economic Well-Being 19 1998 1999 2000 200 2002 200 200 2005 105 2006 2007 2008 110 2009 2010 115 201 201 2013 2014 120 201 2016 2017 2018 125 201 2020 130 Life expectancy at birth, female (years) . Life expectancy at birth, male (yes) . Life expectancy at birth, total (years) Indexed values for well-being (2000 = 100) 2020 2019NOTTINGE Examples Figure 2.1: Poverty gap, poverty rate and housing overcrowding rate for 1.8 2008-2018 Figure 2.2: Education expenditure per student, GDP per capita, and life expectancy from 2010 to 2018 1.6 60000 1.4 50000 1.2 Percentage/Ratio 0.8 US Dollarrs 0.4 0.2 O 2008 2010 2013 2018 Year Poverty Gap at $3.20 a day (2011 PPP)(%) Poverty Headcount Ratio at $5.50 a day . Housing Overcrowding (%) 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Year Source: The World Bank, 2021 Education Expednfiture per student (US$) -GDP per Capita (current US$) -Life Expectancy RiTo effectively discuss poverty and inequality in Russia, we must first consider the appropriateness of the current poverty measures for the country. Poverty measures encompass various dimensions, including absolute and relative poverty, poverty rates, and the poverty gap. These measures are vital for understanding the extent and depth of poverty within a society. In the context of Russia, it's essential to analyze these measures alongside economic theory and policy to gain insights into the factors driving poverty trends. Graph 1 will depict the trends in the poverty rate over time in Russia, allowing us to observe any significant changes and patterns. By analyzing this data, we can delve into the underlying economic conditions and policies that have influenced poverty dynamics within the country. Additionally, indirect measures such as income-based indicators and population living in poverty provide valuable insights into the multifaceted nature of poverty in Russia, particularly in the context of the developing world. Transitioning to the discussion of income inequality, it's crucial to understand its implications for the Russian economy. Income inequality can exacerbate social disparities and hinder economic growth. Graph 2 will showcase changes in the Gini coefficient over time in Russia, offering a comprehensive view of income distribution trends. By examining economic theory and policy, we can decipher the drivers of income inequality and explore potential policy interventions to address this issue. = Furthermore, considering the economic characteristics of high-poverty groups, such as regional disparities and gender inequalities, is essential. Rural poverty, women's poverty, and the plight of ethnic minorities, including indigenous populations, underscore the need for targeted policies to alleviate poverty and promote inclusive growth. In conclusion, by analyzing poverty and inequality in Russia through a multifaceted lens, we can gain valuable insights into the socioeconomic challenges facing the country. By combining data-driven analysis with theoretical frameworks and policy considerations, we can develop informed strategies to tackle poverty and inequality effectively. Now, as for the tables to be created for the graphs: 1. For Graph 1(Trends in Poverty Rate Over Time), you can gather data on the poverty rate in Russia over several years, ideally sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators or similar reputable sources. 2. For Graph 2 (Gini Coefficient Over Time), collect data on the Gini coefficient for Russia over a significant period, again utilizing sources like the World Bank or OECD data. Let me know if you need further assistance or if there's anything else | can do to help