Torts against property:

a. none of the other choices

b. cannot be intentional torts; that category of torts only applied to torts against persons

c. are all categorized as negligent torts, regardless of other torts against persons

d. can be intentional torts, but only if there is also an intentional tort inflicted against a personal interest that is protected by tort law

e. can be torts, but only if there is also an intentional tort inflicted against a personal interest that is protected by tort law