Total direct Labor variance is

	a.	Labor efficiency variance + rate variance with respect to direct labor
	b.	Efficiency variance + rate variance with respect to all labor (direct and indirect)
	c.	Efficiency variance - rate variance with respect to direct labor
	d.	Efficiency variance - rate variance with respect to all labor (direct and indirect)

Value added activities are

a.

Direct material (only)

b.

Direct labor (only)

c.

Overhead (only)

d.

required contribution margin decreases

If a company raises its required operating profit

	a.	break even point is negative
	b.	break even point is zero
	c.	required contribution margin increases
	d.	required contribution margin decreases