Touch Bistro (TB) Limited has several projects for the coming year, all with positive NPV. One of the projects is the purchase of a fleet of backhoes at a cost of $800,000. TB before tax cost of debt is 9% and tax rate is 40%. They have approached FRA Leasing Inc. to inquire about leasing the backhoes instead of purchasing. FRA Leasing Inc. has provided TB with the following proposal:

- The present value of the annual lease payments would be $510,000. The lease is over 5 years with payments made at the beginning of each year.

- If TB purchases the backhoes, they estimate the present value of annual maintenance costs to be $40,000. Under the terms of the lease, the lessor would be responsible for the annual maintenance costs, which are made at the end of each year.

- If TB leases the backhoes, FRA Leasing requires additional insurance of $10,000 per year for 5 years, payable at the beginning of each year. The PV of these payments would be $45,133.

- The PV CCA tax shield is $216,000.

- The PV of the salvage value is $90,000

The NAL (Net Advantage to Leasing) is:

a. +24000

b. -21133

c. -16000

d. -61133