James Corporation reported the following amounts for assets and liabilities at the beginning and end of a recent year. Assets Liabilities Beginning of Year $231,500 84,550 End of Year $348,100 125,900 Calculate James's net income or net loss for the year in each of the following independent situations (if it is a net loss, write net loss with the amount or place the amount between parentheses): a. James declared no dividends and its common shares remain unchanged. b. James declared no dividends and issued additional common shares for $12,000 cash. c. James declared dividends totalling $8,000, and its common shares remain unchanged. d. James declared dividends totalling $11,000 and issued additional common shares for $15,000