Read the case study below and answer ALL the questions that follow. Lockdown forcing construction sector to think more strategically about tech adoption According to the results of a survey conducted by Construction Computer Software (CCS) amongst its clients. stakeholders and industry partners, the lockdown has compelled the construction indestry to think more strategically about the adoption of technology, especially as it relates to communication and collaboration. The survey was conducted to establish how the construction industry has been affected by the lockdown and what measures players are putting in place to manage the current situation, as the sector is expected to play a major role in South. Alrica's economic recovery post the Covid-19 pandemic. Project disnuptions and delays Some 70% of respondents said all their projecta have been atlecled by disnptions or delays due to the Covid-18 pandemic and 52% of respondents from comparies with a revenue of more than Rtbn indicated that 100% of their projocts have been delayed or disuphed. These discuptions and delays are as a result of the lockdown measures enforced by govertment, as well as shortages of materis/s, plants and equipment and PPE. CCS CEO Andrww Skudder says whle respondents expect al construction sectors to be atlected by the pandemic in the short-term, the bulding sector is expected to be the most affected. The bulding sector is primarily funded by private sector clients, who are expected to cut back on investments due to the articipated economic decline as a rescit of the Covid-19 pandemic, Residential and relail investment is likely to be most allecled due to signficant job losses, growing consumer financial stress and a lack of confidence following the Covid-19 enforced lockdowns." He adds that infrastructure spending, including oivi and roads, is expected to be less alfected as this fends to be government funded. "Respondents suggest that government is Fikely to accolerato its infrastructure spend programme in a bid to accelerate economic recovery and absorb unemployed lobour into the employment market as quickly as possible. Mining is expected to be least affected." Privale clents most affected 79\% of respondents said ptivate clients would be the most atlected. Business and consumer confldence have been negatvely affected by the Covid-19 pandemic and lockdowns, which is expected to result in a 6.1% decline in GOP in 2020. This suppors the view that the buiding sector wil be most affected as it is primanly funded by private clients. State-0wned enterprises, such as Eskom and Sarral, are expected to be least affected. Eskom, in particular, is an essential service provider and has sigrificant buld programmes under way which have not been affected by the lockdown. In addfison, water authorites such as Rand Water, which is an exdension of national governmert, are also expected to be less affected as they too provide essential services, with infrastructure requiring ongoing maintenance and upgrading. Skudber says 77% of respondents indicated that on more than 20% of their projects, clients have invoked force majeure clauses on their projects. Smaler companies seem to have been less affected with 67% of companies with less than R100m revence having more than 20% of their projects aflected." This compares to 89% of R100m to R500m, 79% of R.50Om to R1bn and 80\% of R1bn-glus revenve companies. Compasies with a revenue of between R100m and R1bn seem to have had the highost level of focce majeure being invoked, with 57% of R100m io R.S00m compacies having 81S to 100% of their projects being affected, compared to just 20% for companies with revenue of less than R1tn:" Managing the challenges presented by the pandemic Skudder says a few major themes emerged in the survey. "One was the increased need to keep the channels of communication open, especially with employees, but also with clients and ofter stakeholders on projects, it is undoubledy healthier for businesses if people feet informed in times of great uncertanty. "Cost management is anchet covious theme, with companies implementing measures to manage costs and ensure liguidity streiches for as iong as possible. Interestingly, organisations have been terminating rental of plants and negotiaing insurance premiums." He says the construction industry is highly commercially driven, with stringent contracts in place that regulate the pelationship between contractiors and their clients. Various steps need to be taken by construction companies to ensure they position themselves for recovery and for the commercial entitiement they wil need to establish as a result of the crisis," he adds. He points to a new industry guide introduced by the UK government's Constuction Leadership Council Covid-19 Task Force, which offers practical advice to help contractors avoid expensive and longrunting dispules over the effects of the pandemic on projocts. Source: Adlapted from: Bttps // wmw.bircommunity.com/Article/196/494/204232. html 3.1 With the aid of examples, critically discuss the three (3) main types of resources appearing on the (10 Marks) resource sheet on MS Project that are used in project management. 3.2 With the aid of examples, critically discuss the three (3) cost types used in project management that you (10 Marks) would find on MS Project