Read the case study below and answer ALL the questions that follow. Lockdown forcing construction sector to think more strategically about toch adoption According to the results of a survey conducted by Construction Computer Software (CCS) amongst its clants. stakeholbers and industry partners, the lockdown has conpelled the canstruction industry to thirk more strategicaly about the adoption of technoliogy. esgecialy as it relates to communication and collaboration. The survey was conducted to establish how the construction industry has been affected by the locidown and what measures players are putting in place to manage the current shation, as the sector is expedind to play a major role in South Africa's economic recovery post the Covid-19 pandemic. Project disuptions and delays Some 70k of respondents said al their projects have been atfectad by disnetons or delays due to the Covid-19 panderic and 52% of respondents from comparies with a revenye of more than Ribn indicated that 100% of their projects have been delayed or disupted. These disrugtions and dalays are as a resutt of the lockdown measures enforced by government, as well as shortages of materalt, planta and equigment and PPE CCS CEO Andrew Skudber sarys whlie respondents expect al corstruction sectors to be affected by the pandemic in the short-ferm, the bulifing sector is expected to be the most aflacted. The bulding sector is primarly funded by private sector clents, who ase axpected to cut back on investnents due to the affectod due to significant job losses growing consumer financial streas and a lack cf canfidence following the Covid-19 entorced lockdowns." He adds that infrastructure spending, including civil and noads. is expecled to be less affected as this tends to be government funded. Respondents sugpest that govemnent is liably lo accelerase its infrastructure spend programme in a bid to accelerate economic rocovery and absorb unemployed labour into the efteloyment matket as quiclfy as possible. Mining is expected to be least stlectud. Privale dients most aflected 79\%, of respondents said privole clients would be the most allected Business and consumer confidence have been negatively allected by the Covis- 19 pandemic and lockdows, which is expected to result in a 6.1% decline in GOP in 2020. This supports the view that the buiding sector wil be most affecled as it is primarily funded by private clients. Sare-caned enterprises, such as Eskom and Sarnal, are expecled to be least affected. Eskom, in parficular, is an essential service proviber and has signifcant buld progranmes under way which have not been affected by the lockdown. In asdifion, water authorities such as Rand Water, which is an extension of national govemment, are also expected to be kss aflected as they too provide essental services, with infrastructure requiring ongoing maintenance and upgrading. Skudber sars 77% of respondents indicated that on moe than 20 s. of Seir projects, clients have imviked force majeuve clauses on their projects. "Smaller companies seem to have beth less affected with 67% of companies with less than R100m revenue having more than 20% of their projects afected: This compares to 89% of R100m to R500m. 79% of R500m is Ribn and 805's of R1 bnglus revenue companies. Companies with a revenue of between R100m and R1bn seem to have had the highest level of torce majeure being incked, with 57% of RtoOm to R500m companies having 81% to 100% of their projocts being aflected. conpared to just 20% for companies with revenue of less than Rt ibn" Maraging the challenges presented by the pandemic Skudber says a few major themes emerged in the survey. "One was the increased need to keep the channels of communication open, especially with employees, but also wh clents and other stakeholders on projects it is undoubtedly healthier for businesses if pecole feel informed in times of graat uncertainty. "Cost management is anoher obvious theme, with companies implementing measures to manage coobs and ensure liquidify stretches for as long as possible. Interestingly, organisations have been terminating rental of plarts and negotiating insurance premums. He says the construction industy is highly commercialy ofiven wh stingent centracts in place that regulate the relaticaship between contractors and their clents. Various steps need to be taken by construction companies to ensure. they position themselves for recovery and for the commercid entisenent they will need to establish as a result of the crisis," he adds. He points to a new indusity guibe ittrobuced by the UX government's Construction Leadership Counci Covid-19 Task Force, which oflers practical advice to help contractors moid expensive and long-running disputes over the eflecs of the pandernic on projects. QUESTION 4 (20 Marks Deliberate on the value of project management software such as Microsoft Project and present an astute argument of what project management software can do; what it cannot do; and what it should do, to assist project managers in delivering successful projects