Transformational and charismatic leader behaviors inspire subordinates to invest greater effort into their work, persist more, and engage in citizenship behaviors that go beyond formal job requirements.

What do you think are the key elements of transformational and charismatic leader behaviors that cause these outcomes?

Is it the positive emotions they elicit, or the group-identities they activate?

Or perhaps it is the way that transformational and charismatic leaders communicate, both verbally and non-verbally?

What do you think is most important?