TRUE OR FALSE

1. Following the War with Mexico, very few Mexicans, about 10,000, resided in the territory from Texas to California; they became the first Mexican American people. 2. With annexation of new lands acquired from Mexico in 1848 (the so-called Mexican Cession), titles to Spanish and Mexican land grants were automatically confirmed to Mexicans and other claimants. 3. Land grant adjudication throughout the Southwest proceeded under federal supervision, except for Texas. 4. Few Mexicans in the newly annexed territory elected to become U.S. citizens because there were no guarantees to citizenship nor to property. 5. Land grants in South Texas were in limbo until the work of the state district courts in the 1860s, and the following decades. 6. Lisbeth Haas wrote that Californios condemned to the margins of society poor women, usually Indians, because they were curanderos/folk healers. 7. The most favorable results of land grant adjudication for Mexicans occurred in New Mexico. 8. Some Mexicans in the Borderlands after 1848 worked in urban jobs, such as clerks, merchants, office holders, policemen, teachers, clerks, artisans, and cart men or teamsters. 9. The process of Hispanic displacement from the land (the land loss history) occurred immediately after 1848 and involved only legitimate sale of land. 10. The California Board of Land Commissioners was a state-created agency that provided for adjudication of land grants after 1848. 11. In the case of New Mexico's early land grant adjudication history, the Surveyor Generals performed their work quickly and fairly. 12. The Santa Fe Ring was responsible for ensuring the success of Hispanic claims to land grants in New Mexico. 13. After 1848, New Mexicans were rapidly at a disadvantage in politics because they constituted a small part of the population.