True or False 1. Signing a treaty or a convention necessarily constrains a domestic government's freedom to change policy in its own country. (pp. 6-8) 2. Many of the world's largest corporations refer the determination of their international commercial disputes to the International Court of Justice in The Hague, often referred to as the World Court. (p. 9) 3. The United Nations is the one global law-making and enforcement body in the world; it has the authority to make rules that must be obeyed by the world's trading nations. (p. 15) 4. A necessary corollary to the rise of supra-national organizations is some weakening of the power of the members' national governments. (p. 5) 5. International treaties usually have no fixed termination date, but continue for an indefinite period of time. (p. 11) 6. In Canada, no legislative concurrence is required prior to federal government ratification of a treaty; however, integration of treaty obligations into Canadian law generally requires domestic legislative approval. pp. 13-14) 7. In the US, Congress can modify or repeal treaties by subsequent legislative action, even if this modification amounts to a violation of the treaty. (p. 14) 8. The mandate of UNCITRAL (the UN Commission on International Trade Law) is to bring about the progressive harmonization and unification of the law of international trade. (p. 17) 9. The Bretton Woods Institutions, established after World War II, were the World Bank, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), and the International Chamber of Commerce. (pp. 18-19) 10. Once signed, most treaties will require a signing country to pass implementing legislation before that signatory country can ratify the treaty. (p. 12)

Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following statements is correct? (pp. 12-13) a. A treaty does not usually come into force until it is ratified. b. The obligations contained in a treaty normally apply only to countries that have ratified the treaty. c. Once a country has signed a treaty it is legally obliged to adhere to its provisions. d. All of the above are correct. e. Only (a) and (b) are correct.

2. Which of the following statements is correct? (p. 9) a. A state cannot be required to appear before the International Court of Justice (ICJ) without that state's prior consent to the Court's jurisdiction. b. Multinational companies often take their international trade disputes before the ICJ. c. The rule of stare decisis (the court "stands by" its decision) applies to the ICJ and ensures uniformity and predictability in that Court. d. All of the above are correct. e. Only (a) and (b) are correct.

3. The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals are composed of 17 goals and 169 targets with a focus on (p. 16) a. Securing peace, ending hunger, and protecting human rights b. Ending poverty, fighting inequities, and tackling climate change c. Developing emerging economies, facilitating global trade, and ending conflict d. All of the above e. None of the above

4. The concept that only those who are parties to a contract can enforce the rights and obligations it contains is known as: (p. 13) a. Bargain theory of contract b. Breach of warranty c. Calvo doctrine d. Privity of contract e. None of the above

5. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) (p. 18) a. Monitors and economic and financial developments and policies in member countries b. Provides technical assistance and training to countries in financial difficulty c. Provides loans to member countries with balance-of-payment difficulties d. All of the above are correct. e. Only (a) and (b) are correct. 6. Law may be defined as follows: (p. 4) a. A rule of civil conduct, prescribed by the supreme power in a state, commanding what is right and prohibiting what is wrong b. A law is a rule that can be enforced by the courts c. The law is a body of enacted or customary rules recognized by a community as binding d. All of the above are correct. e. Only (a) and (b) are correct.

7. Which principle underpins and is the foundation of international law? (p. 5) a. Democracy b. State sovereignty c. International diplomacy d. United Nations Charter e. None of the above are correct.

8. A peremptory norm of customary international law, recognized by the international community of states as a norm from which no derogation is permitted: (p. 7) a. Reciprocity b. Countermeasures c. Jus Cogens d. Conflict of laws e. None of the above are correct.

9. The term "soft law", is a term used by the international community to refer to non-binding yet highly persuasive documents that may include: (p. 8) a. Draft multilateral treaties b. United Nations General Assembly resolutions c. Official communiques d. All of the above are correct e. Only (a) and (c) are correct. 10. Which organization serves as an advocate for world business and makes representations to governments and intergovernmental organizations, promoting choices favourable to the world business community? (p. 19) a. The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) b. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) c. International Trade Organization (ITO) d. The Bretton Woods System e. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).

11. Canada's approach to treaty making and implementation includes: (p. 13) a. Negotiate and sign only b. Negotiate, sign and implement only c. Sign, implement and ratify only d. Negotiate, sign, implement and ratify e. None of the above are correct.

12. Which of the following statements is correct: (p. 4) a. Canada's primary sources of national or domestic law includes constitutional law that is found in our constitution acts of 1867 and 1982 b. Canada's primary sources of national or domestic law includes legislation passed by either the federal or provincial government c. Canada's primary sources of national or domestic law includes the common law or judge-made law (sometimes described as case law) that we have inherited from the common law tradition of England d. None of the above are correct e. All of the above are correct.

13. Public international law may be defined as: (p. 5) a. Law regulating the affairs of private persons b. The law regulating relations among nations c. A set of rules and principles that states follow when dealing with each other d. Both (b) and (c) are correct e. None of the above are correct. 14. Private international law is: (p. 5) a. Also described as conflict of laws b. Law regulating the affairs of private persons (including corporations) c. Rules that are derived from practice and codified in treaties and conventions d. All of the above are correct. e. Both (a) and (b) are correct.

15. Retaliatory acts in response to illegal actions of another state are referred to as: (p. 10) a. Naming and shaming b. Retorsions c. Countermeasures d. Hard law e. Ratification