TRUE or FALSE

9. [3] A poverty rate calculated on the basis of consumption will be lower than one which is calculated on the basis of income, with or without taxes and transfers (specifically, consider the period after 1990). 10. [3] The Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) program is administered by the states. 1 1. [3] Regarding public assistance, cash assistance generates higher utility than in-kind benefits of the same value, such as SNAP. 12. [3] Most of the gap in employment/population rates between low- and moderate-income communities and higher income communities is due to differences in the share of the population who are unemployed (that is, the official BLS characterization of unemployed (not working and seeking work but haven't yet found it). 13. [3] Suppose the following production functions: Z=y ML, K. ) y = / ( 1, , K, ) Assume p. = p, 1Under a gross receipts tax of 10%, the ultimate tax rate ony will be 21%. 14. [3] According to the U.S. government's official definition of poverty, the value of in-kind benefits such as SNAP and Medicaid are included in income when determining how many people are living in poverty. 15. [3] In the United States, a larger share of children are in poverty than senior adults. 16. [3] The data show that those with higher levels of education attainment, on average, have lower rates of unemployment and higher incomes; thus, we can conclude that better education produces better economic outcomes, as measured by unemployment rates and incomes