T-TEST FOR INDEPENDENT AND CORRELATED SAMPLES Show your complete solution. if you opt to solve this by hand. If you opt to use excel, follow the process of hypothesis testing then upload the excel le to show the test statistics. 1. When teaching about science, instructors are assumed to rely on less descriptive or flowery language because the natural sciences contain topical information that is relatively fixed in content. Classroom instructors in the humanities, however, rely on much more descriptive language because the topics are open to debate and multiple interpretations. An educational researcher sits in several natural science and humanities classes at several high schools and monitors the teaching styles of instructors. What follows are the number of different words and phrases used by the respective sets of instructors to convey course material: Did the humanities teachers use more descriptive language than the natural science instructors? Use a .01 significance level and perform the appropriate one-tailed test, and take note that the groups are not of equal size. Humanities Instructors' Speech Natural Science Teachers' Speech 34 27 28 26 27 23 32 30 33 25 30 26 38 27 32 26\f2. A researcher believes that relaxation training can help students to improve their performance on standardized tests. A group of high school students completes two grade-appropriate reading comprehension tests, one before the relaxation training and the other a week later, after the training is complete. Using the following data, demonstrate whether reading comprehension scores increased following the training. Use a significance level of .05 as well as a one-tailed test. Participants Test Score 1 Test Score 2 A 8 10 B 6 7 C 6 8 D 5 6 E 9 10 F CO 93. A social scientist is interested in how emotional contagion- adopting the affective state of people after hearing them describe positive or negative experience-affects people who have an optimistic disposition. The social scientist is particularly interested in whether the number of people sharing their emotional experiences makes any difference in the affective transfer {e.g., perhaps two people sharing a happy event with a third enhance her mood to a greater degree than one person talking about the same experience). The social scientist recruits a group of people who are matched on their measured level of optimism, age, and gender. One member of each pair is then exposed to three people who discuss the same emotion eliciting experience, while the other matched participant meets with one person for emotion sharing. The following data are emotion ratings on a 1 to 3' scale, where higher numbers indicate greater emotion transfer. Evaluate whether the participants who met with a group rather than a single person showed a greater degree of emotional contagion. Use a .05 significance level for a one-tailed hypothesis test. Matched Pair Solo-Emotion Encounter Group Emotional Encounter A 4 6 B 5 C 7 6 D E N F 6 6 G H 64. A nurse was hired by a governmental ecology agency to investigate the impact of a lead smelter on the level of lead in the blood of children living near the smelter. Ten children were chosen at random from those living near the smelter. A comparison group of seven children was randomly selected from those living in an area relatively free from possible lead pollution. Blood samples were taken from the children and lead levels determined. The following are the results (scores are in micrograms of lead per 100 milliliters of blood): Children living near smelter Children living in unpolluted area 18 9 16 13 21 8 14 15 17 17 19 12 22 11