TufStuff, Inc., sells a wide range of drums, bins, boxes, and other containers that are used in the chemical industry. One of the company's products

is a heavy$-$duty corrosion$-$resistant metal drum, called the WVD drum, used to store toxic wastes. Production is constrained by the capacity of an

automated welding machine that is used to make precision welds. A total of $2,000$ hours of welding time is available annually on the machine.

Because each drum requires $0\mathrm{.}4$ hours of welding machine time, annual production is limited to $5,000$ drums. At present, the welding machine is

used exclusively to make the WVD drums. The accounting department has provided the following financial data concerning the WVD drums:

Management believes $6,000$ WVD drums could be sold each year if the company had sufficient manufacturing capacity. As an alternative to adding

another welding machine, management has considered buying additional drums from an outside supplier. Harcor Industries, Inc., a supplier of

quality products, would be able to provide up to $4,000$ WVD$-$type drums per year at a price of $$138$ per drum, which TufStuff would resell to its

customers at its normal selling price after appropriate relabeling.Megan Flores, TufStuff's production manager, has suggested that the company could make better use of the welding machine by manufacturing

bike frames, which would require only $0\mathrm{.}5$ hours of welding machine time per frame and yet sell for far more than the drums. Megan believes that

TufStuff could sell up to $1,600$ bike frames per year to bike manufacturers at a price of $$239$ each. The accounting department has provided the

following data concerning the proposed new product:

The bike frames could be produced with existing equipment and personnel. Manufacturing overhead is allocated to products on the basis of direct

labor$-$hours. Most of the manufacturing overhead consists of fixed common costs such as rent on the factory building, but some of it is variable. Tr

variable manufacturing overhead has been estimated at $$1\mathrm{.}35$ per WVD drum and $$1\mathrm{.}90$ per bike frame. The variable manufacturing overhead cos

would not be incurred on drums acquired from the outside supplier.Selling and administrative expenses are allocated to products on the basis of revenues. Almost all of the selling and administrative expenses are

fixed common costs, but it has been estimated that variable selling and administrative expenses amount to $$0\mathrm{.}75$ per WVD drum whether made or

purchased and would be $$1\mathrm{.}30$ per bike frame.

All of the company's employees$-$direct and indirect$-$are paid for full $40-$hour work weeks and the company has a policy of laying off workers only

in major recessions.

As soon as your analysis was shown to the top management team at TufStuff, several managers got into an argument concerning how direct labor

costs should be treated when making this decision. One manager argued that direct labor is always treated as a variable cost in textbooks and in

practice and has always been considered a variable cost at TufStuff. After all, "direct" means you can directly trace the cost to products. $"$If direct

labor is not a variable cost, what is$?"$ Another manager argued just as strenuously that direct labor should be considered a fixed cost at TufStuff. No

one had been laid off in over a decade, and for all practical purposes, everyone at the plant is on a monthly salary. Everyone classified as direct

labor works a regular $40-$hour workweek and overtime has not been necessary since the company adopted Lean Production techniques. Whether

the welding machine is used to make drums or frames, the total payroll would be exactly the same. There is enough slack, in the form of idle time,

to accommodate any increase in total direct labor time that the bike frames would require.

$""$Assuming Direct Labor is a Fixed Cost""!

Required:

$1.$ Would you be comfortable relying on the financial data provided by the accounting?

department for making decisions related to the WVD drums and bike frames?

$2.$ Compute the contribution margin per unit. $[$assume direct labor is a fixed cost$]$

$3.$ Compute the contribution margin per welding hour. $[$assume direct labor is a fixed cost$]$

$4.$ Assuming direct labor is a fixed cost:

a$.$ Determine the number of WVD drums $($if any$)$ that should be purchased and the number of

WVD drums and$/$or bike frames $($if any$)$ that should be manufactured.

b$.$ What is the increase $($decrease$)$ in net operating income that would result from this plan over

current operations?

$5.$ Compute the contribution margin per unit. $[$assume direct labor is a variable cost$]$

$6.$ Compute the contribution margin per welding hour. $[$assume direct labor is a variable cost$]$

$7.$ Assuming direct labor is a variable cost:

a$.$ Determine the number of WVD drums $($if any$)$ that should be purchased and the number of WVD drums and$/$or bike frames $($if any$)$ t hat should be manufactured.

$($B$).$ What is the increase $($decrease$)$ in net operating income that would result from this plan over current operations?