Two hundred people with chronic pain ("patients") and their spouses are enrolled in a study. Each is asked to rate the level of pain the patient is experiencing. Who rates the pain as higher according to the analysis of this sample - the spouse or the patient? All assumptions of the test are met. Perceived pain is measured using a validated scale and is appropriately analyzed as a continuous variable.

A. What statistical test was conducted here? Please state the null and alternative hypotheses for this research question.

B. Why is this the appropriate test to conduct?

C. Summarize the research in one sentence. Include an interpretation of the 95% confidence interval and a statement regarding the null hypothesis.

D. Are these results clinically relevant?

E. What alternative statistical test could be conducted? Why?

Variable Obs Mean Std. Err. Std. Dev. [954 Conf. Interval] patient 200 11.3721 . 2444153 3. 456554 10.89013 11 . 85408 spouse 200 12.52432 . 2381342 3.367726 12. 05473 12.99391 diff 200 -1.152212 . 3392041 4. 79707 -1. 821108 -. 4833166 mean (diff) = mean (patient - spouse) t -3.3968 Ho: mean (diff) = 0 degrees of freedom = 199 Ha: mean (diff) 0 Pr (T It|) = 0. 0008 Pr (T > t) = 0.9996