Two large tunnels were built for the Trabzon-Gmshane Highway near theGrgenaa Village. These tunnels were very close to the energy tunnel of a small hydroelectric project in the area, as shown in the Figure below. Ground conditions in the region mayallow tunnels to be excavated in 3m steps. The Highway Tunnel was excavated in two stageswith respect to the section of the tunnel. The total excavation area is approximately 100 m2.The upper part of the tunnel excavation area is approximately 60 m2. In an upper progressionphase (the length of the tunnel excavated in one shot), 180 m3 of rock is excavated in one blastfor the 3m step. The specific load, which is dynamite per cubic meter of rock excavation, isestimated to be about 1.5-2.0 kg/m3. The distance between the blast holes around the tunnel isapproximately 60 cm. Determine the allowable amount of explosive to be used for allowable peak particle velocities of 1, 2, 4.8 inches/sec. Comment on the effect of allowable peak particle velocity for construction speed. What would be your allowable peak particle velocity? You should also be concerned about the sloppy work that may be caused by some careless workers at theconstruction site. What if they don't use the appropriate delay between the group of holes? What would you do to prevent possible damage to the water tunnel due to workers' negligenceor carelessness?

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