Two-way ANOVA (7 pts)

Research Scenario: A developmental psychologist is looking into the effects of play group size on empathy and whether this differs by age. She has two age groups - four year olds and eight year olds. Each of those age groups is split into three separate groups for an entire semester during structured free time: play alone (n = 8 per age group), dyads (n = 8 per age group), or groups of 4 (n = 8 per age group). At the end of the semester, empathy is measured using the Young Children's Empathy Measure during the parent-teacher conference (Poresky, 1990), which uses an accuracy scale of 0 - 4, with higher scores indicating more cognitive and affective empathy.

The scores for each group are shown in the table below. Remember to name and define your variables (your two factors and your one dependent variable) under the "Variable View," then return to the "Data View" to enter and analyze the data. Remember, each factor (i.e. independent variable) is represented within a single column in SPSS using numbers to identify the categories (e.g., 0 = four year olds / 1 = eight year olds). The dependent variable will have its own column, so you will end with three columns of data. (Note the data set is small to ease your burden - use a two-way ANOVA regardless!) Conduct a two-way ANOVA to determine whether age and/or play group size affects empathy.

4 y/o 8 y/o

ALONE DYAD FOUR ALONE DYAD FOUR

2.7 2.3 2.4 2.8 3.1 3.8

2.3 2.5 2.6 3.1 3.5 3.6

3.1 3.3 2.6 3 3.1 2.6

2.5 2.4 3.1 3.5 3.4 3

2.6 3 3.2 2.6 3 3.4

2 2.7 3 2.4 2.7 3.4

2.9 2.1 2.7 2.8 2.6 3.1

2.4 2.4 2.6 3.4 3.1 3

1. What is the relevant SPSS Output. Including Post Hocs if necessary?
2. What is the most appropriate graph? Include axes and error bars.
3. Write an APA style results. Please include a decision about the null hypothesis.