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1. The following table gives the frequencies of rolloveroccurrences in single vehicle crashes in the US and Puerto Ricoduring the 2018 Calendar Year as published by the National HighwayTraffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)’s Traffic SafetyFacts Annual Report. The published table alsoincludes multiple vehicle crashes, but I have edited that portionout for simplification of your assignment.

Crash Type by Vehicle Type		Rollover Occurrence
		Yes	No	Total
Single-Vehicle Crashes	Passenger Cars	2,056	3,072	5,128
	Light Trucks - Pickup	1,326	1,126	2,452
	Light Trucks - Utility	1,491	998	2,489
	Light Trucks - Van	177	217	394
	Light Trucks - Other	22	7	29
	Total	5,072	5,420	10,492
Source: Table 90
Passenger Car and Light Truck Occupants Killed, by CrashType, Vehicle Type,
and Rollover Occurrence, 2018
State: USA

Many of you might not realize thatSUVs (“Sport Utility Vehicles”) and passenger vans are built ontruck chassis, which is why they are classified as ‘Light Trucks’above, along with pickup trucks. (You can google ‘chassis’ to seewhat they look like.) Some of you might also regard passenger vansand SUVs as ‘passenger cars’, but they are not. The history of thisis that once the federal government established Corporate AverageFuel Efficiency (CAFÉ) standards for gas mileage, passenger carsgot smaller and lighter in order to meet them. Station wagons, thepopular vehicle for moms to drive their children and pets andperhaps neighbors’ children, etc. were essentially replaced bypassenger vans and SUVs on that account (and now I notice it’snearly all SUVs rather than the vans, at least near me). The reasonfor that is that SUVs and passenger vans, being built on truckchassis, are classified as ‘light trucks’ and didn’t have to meetthe stricter standards for passenger cars. They were also moreprofitable. Loopholes in laws also meant at the start thatthe SUVs, vans, etc. did not have to meet safety requirements forpassenger cars, such as safety windshields, etc. There were a LOTof court cases around those issues in the 1980s-1990s to put thosestandards on SUVs and passenger vans at least. One of the issueswas also whether the geometry of the light trucks (taller relativeto width than passenger cars) meant that they were more likely toroll over in crashes than passenger cars. What does this haveto do with business you might wonder. Motor vehicle manufacturerstried to save money by not including safety features required inpassenger cars, and ended up spending millions of dollars in courtcases, most of which they ultimately lost.

Answer the following questions. Pleaseleave your probabilities in UNREDUCED fractions so that the gradercan tell where you are getting your numbers from (and so can youwhen you compare your answers to the solutions.)

1. What is the chance that a fatal single-vehicle crash resultedin a rollover?
2. What is the chance that a vehicle involved in a fatalsingle-vehicle crash was a passenger car?
3. What is the chance that a vehicle involved in a fatalsingle-vehicle crash was an SUV?
4. What is the chance that a vehicle involved in a fatalsingle-vehicle crash was a van?
5. What is the chance that a vehicle involved in a fatalsingle-vehicle crash did not roll over?
6. What is the chance that a vehicle involved in a fatalsingle-vehicle crash was a pickup truck?
7. What is the chance that a vehicle involved in a fatalsingle-vehicle crash was a passenger car and did not roll over?(Again, show all your work for full credit here.)
8. What is the chance that a vehicle involved in a fatalsingle-vehicle crash was a passenger car or did not roll over?(Show all your work for full credit here.)
9. What is the chance that a vehicle involved in a fatalsingle-vehicle crash was a light truck or did not roll over? (Show all your work for full credit here.)
10. What is the chance that a vehicle involved in a fatal singlevehicle crash was a light truck or rolled over? (Show allyour work for full credit here.)