\u0001\u0002\u0003\u0004\u0005\u0006\u0007\b\u0004 \u0006 \u0006\u000e\u000f\u000f\u0006 \u0006 \u0006 \u0006 NAME____________________________________ 8. What is the primary feature of a good sample? (2 pts) 9. Below is a simplified description of the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL), which is a nationally representative assessment of English literacy among American adults age 16 and older. Over 19,000 adults participated, representing the entire population of U.S. adults who are age 16 and older. (A series of questions follow the sample description.) Sample Design Description: A sample design was employed that first required the selection of counties from across the nation. There are 3,140 counties in the U.S. From the 3,140 counties, about 2,000 geographic areas were formed by grouping contiguous counties together with the objective of reaching a minimum size. After the 2000 geographic areas were formed, they were grouped into 100 strata, based on census division, race/ethnicity distribution, per capita income, and Metropolitan Statistical Area status (i.e., urbanicity). From each stratum, one geographic area was selected, resulting in 100 counties (or groups of counties) in the sample. Within each of the 100 strata, the larger the geographic area (comprising of single or multiple counties), the higher the probability of inclusion in the sample. Within each selected PSU, area segments (census blocks or groups of blocks) were selected with a probability proportional to the number of housing units they contained. However, area segments that were classified as high-minority (more than 25 percent Black or Hispanic) were oversampled. Field staff visited all selected area segments and prepared a list of housing units located within those segments using block maps from the 2000 Census. From this list, households were systematically selected within each segment. Minority households in high-minority segments were given a higher chance of being selected. \u0013\u0006 \u0006 \u0001\u0002\u0003\u0004\u0005\u0006\u0007\b\u0004 \u0006 \u0006\u000e\u000f\u000f\u0006 \u0006 \u0006 \u0006 NAME____________________________________ For each selected household, field staff determined the number of age-eligible household members (16 years and older). In households with fewer than four eligible members, one person was randomly selected. In households with four or more eligible members, two persons were randomly selected. When needed, questions were given orally in Spanish by those field staff who were bilingual. a. Describe the complex sample features utilized in this sample design. Include the number of stages of selection and the sampling unit at each stage. Describe stratification and or unequal/equal selection at each stage. (8 pts) b. Pick one of the complex sample features at one of the stages and indicate why you think they included that feature in the design. (3 pts) BONUS QUESTION: What would have been the effect on estimates of English language literacy rates in the U.S. population had there been no Spanish speaking field staff to survey people with Spanish as a first language? Why? (2 pts) \u0014\u0006 \u0006