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uestion: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. Tea has anticarcinogenic effects against breast cancer in laboratory studies. However, epidemiologic evidence that

uestion:

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. Tea has anticarcinogenic effects against breast cancer in laboratory studies. However, epidemiologic evidence that tea protects against breast cancer has been inconsistent. A study was conducted in Southeast Chinabetween 2004 and 2005. The cases were 1009 female patients aged 20-87 years with histologically confirmed breast cancer. The 1009 age-matched controls were healthy women randomly recruited from breastdisease clinics. Information on duration, frequency, quantity, preparation, type of teaconsumption, diet and lifestyle were collected by face-to-face interview using a validated and reliable questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and associated 95% confidence intervals. Compared with non-tea drinkers, green teadrinkers tended to reside in urban areas, have better education and have higher consumption of coffee, alcohol, soy, vegetables and fruits. After adjusting established and potential confounders, greentea consumption was associated with a reduced odds of breast cancer. The ORs were 0.87 (0.73-1.04) in women consuming 1-249 g of dried green tea leaves per annum, 0.68 (0.54-0.86) for 250-499 g per annum, 0.59 (0.45-0.77) for 500-749 g per annum and 0.61 (0.48-0.78) for >or=750 g per annum, with a statistically significant test for trend (P

As a public health professional, would you recommend women in the US begin to drink green tea as a preventative measure for breast cancer based on the results of this study?

Group of answer choices

A and B

With caution, the study took place in Southeast China and the results may not be generalizable to US women.

Yes, all women should drink green tea for the prevention of breast cancer.

No, green tea has been identified as a risk factor for a number of conditions, and women at risk for these conditions should not drink green tea.

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[1\"] 1-3 Suppose L is the line in R3 dened by (3353] = {2:311] + 1[1,D,1]where DO :1 r on Find a if [4,3,0] is a paint an L. 1.4- Explain the difference between a singular and a nun-singular matrix. Show that a nunsingular matrix must be square. [2] 0 (5pts) 20. Find a sequence of elementary matrices whose product is the given non-singular matrix: 2 4A stationary distribution of an m-state Markov chain is a probability vector q such that = q P, where P is the probability transition matrix. A Markov chain can have more than one stationary distribution. Identify all the stationary distributions that you can, for the 3-state Markov chain with transition probability matrix O O P Owl Does this Markov chain have a steady-state probability distribution ? 15 pointsConsider the general two-state continuous-time Markov chain with transition rates Q = A 0 (a) lJ'il'rite down the backward equations. (b) Show that for any t 3 D, 1110116) + angt} = A. (e) Solve the backward equations. You may use the fact that the solution of the ordinary differential equation .r'(t) = r1226) + Mt) is :r(t) = 12(0):!\" + eat/u e_\"b(s}ds. Consider a three-state continuous-time Markov chain in which the transition rates are given by The states are labelled 1 and 2. on Q: zoo ion The states are labelled 1, 2 and 3. (a) Write down the transition matrix of the corresponding embedded Markov chain as well as the transition rates out of each of the three states. (b) Use the symmetry of Q to argue that this setting can be reduced to one with only 2 states. (:3) Use the results of Problem 1 to solve the backward equations of this 3-state Markov chain

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