A. Undeniably, profitability is the ultimate goal of companies and readers of a company’s financial statements are very much interested in the reported profit figure. The profit figure is achieved by the preparation of the statement of profit or loss and the statement of financial position. If the foregoing is the case, why then bother about the statement of cash flows?

B. Globally, accounting standards are developed based on different methods. It is generally agreed that the nature of accounting standards depends on the systems of regulation. It has been argued that there are two main systems of regulation.

Required:
Identify and explain the difference between the two systems of regulation, stating clearly which system you believe describes the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).

D. Miss Nsiah is a qualified chartered accountant who prepares financial statements for a firm located at Tesano. Miss Nsiah does not qualify for a practicing certificate and so she does not provide audit service to the client.
This is her first year of preparing financial statements for the firm. When compiling the most recent accounts, she detected some material errors in the previous financial statements. It seemed that the accounts were based on incomplete records as certain costs were excluded, either deliberately or because records were not maintained.
The Chief Executive Officer of the firm has also requested some additional work to be completed on a complex tax issue. However, she has no prior experience and does not feel competent to the work. The CEO would also like her to provide an audit opinion as they are planning to apply for funding from a bank and the bank would like some further assurance.

Required:
With reference to Code of Ethics for accountants, discuss the ethical principles applicable to the above scenario.